基于主成分分析法的黄河流域水环境评价

Water Environment Assessment of the Yellow River Basin Based on Principal Component Analysis

摘要: 本研究的主要目的是找出黄河流域水污染时空状况变化。首先，选择化学需氧量、氨氮、总氮、总磷、石油类排放量、废水治理设施处理能力作为评价指标，综合2011~2021年的数据，基于主成分分析法，对黄河十年水环境质量进行排名，得到2021年是黄河流域水环境的最优年份。然后，结合黄河流域断面监测站数据，选取5个水质指标，建立2021年黄河流域各断面监测站的水环境模型。最后，利用各断面监测站的水环境模型，得到影响各断面水质的主要污染物。通过对黄河流域污染的研究，可以得出以下结论：十年间，黄河流域水环境稳中向好；2021年，磴口、泺口断面水环境较差。

Abstract: The main objective of this study is to find out the changes of spatial and temporal conditions of water pollution in the Yellow River basin. Firstly, the total chemical oxygen demand, total ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, petroleum discharge, and treatment capacity of wastewater treatment facilities were selected as evaluation indexes, the data from 2011~2021 were integrated and ranked based on principal component analysis to obtain the decadal water environment quality of the Yellow River basin, and water environment in 2021 is the best. Then, five water quality indicators were selected by combining the data from the Yellow River basin cross-sectional monitoring stations, and the water environment model of each cross-sectional monitoring station in the Yellow River basin in 2021 was established. Finally, the main pollutants affecting the water quality of each section were obtained by using the water environment model of each section monitoring station. Through the study of pollution in the Yellow River basin, we can draw the following conclusions: the water environment in the Yellow River basin is steadily improving during the decade, while the water environment at Dengkou and Luokou cross-sections is poor in 2021.