远程无人共享召泊车市场竞争力研究

Study on Competitiveness of Remote Unmanned Shared Parking Market

摘要: 作为21世纪出行方式的共享汽车，可有效提高车辆利用率、缓解道路汽车饱和造成的交通拥堵、助力碳达峰、碳中和的实现。但因租还车不易、客单价昂贵等因素导致其发展受到极大的限制。基于此，首先，本文以智能驾驶与调度方式为切入点，提出了一种全新的远程无人共享召泊车方案，通过智能驾驶、远程监控与乘客自驾相结合，在实现2 km内的智能取还车的前提下，优化司机的服务方式与工资占比。其次，从共享汽车企业的角度出发，对经济型网约车与远程无人召泊车运营利润模型进行构建，并以购置价格为15万经济型电动汽车为研究对象，分析核算安全员替代率、车辆出租率、客单价及召泊车系统成本对总运营利润的影响。结果表明：当客单价与现阶段客单价一致时，该方案较经济型网约车可大幅增加营运利润，缩短投资周期；当客单价降为原客单价的一半，可通过降低召泊车系统成本、提高安全员的替代率以及车辆出租率，使企业获22.58%至163.19%的利润增加值，为解决现阶段共享汽车的车辆调度以及乘车的经济性问题提出了新的思路，在一定程度上促进共享汽车企业的发展。

Abstract: As a mode of transportation in the 21st century, car-sharing can effectively improve vehicle utili-zation, alleviate traffic congestion caused by road vehicle saturation, and contribute to achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality. However, its development is greatly restricted by factors such as the difficulty of renting and returning cars, as well as expensive per kilometer prices. Based on this, firstly, this article proposes a new remote unmanned car-sharing and valet parking solution, with intelligent driving and dispatching as the starting point. By combining intelligent driving, remote monitoring, and passenger self-driving, the service mode and wage distribution of drivers are optimized while enabling intelligent car rental and return within a 2-kilometer radius. Secondly, from the perspective of car-sharing companies, an operating profit model is constructed for economical online ride-hailing and remote unmanned valet parking. Taking a 150,000 RMB economical electric vehicle as the research object, the impact of safety personnel replacement rate, vehicle rental rate, per kilometer price, and valet parking system cost on total operating profit is analyzed. The results indicate that when the per kilometer price is consistent with the current level, this solution can significantly increase operational profits and shorten the investment cycle compared to economical online ride-hailing. When the per kilometer price is reduced to half of the original price, the company can achieve profit increments ranging from 22.58% to 163.19% by reducing the valet parking system cost, increasing the replacement rate of safety personnel, and improving the vehicle rental rate. This proposal presents new ideas for solving the vehicle dispatch and cost-effectiveness issues of current shared cars, and to some extent, promotes the development of car-sharing companies.