血栓形成机制与抗血栓药物作用靶点研究进展

Research Progress on Thrombus Formation Mechanisms and Antithrombotic Drug Targets

摘要: 血栓形成即局部血液凝固，可能发生在动脉或静脉循环中，是人类健康的主要威胁因素之一。了解动脉和静脉血栓形成的机制，并寻找适当的抗血栓治疗靶点对于预防和治疗相关疾病至关重要。本文综述了动脉和静脉血栓形成的机制，并对抗血栓药物的作用靶点研究进展进行了总结。动脉血栓形成主要涉及血小板活化、黏附、聚集、凝血级联反应的激活等因素，而静脉血栓形成则包括血淤、血液本身以及血管内皮细胞变化等过程。目前，针对动脉和静脉血栓形成的抗血栓药物研究主要集中在抑制血小板活化、抗凝以及促进血栓溶解等方面。通过总结动脉和静脉血栓形成机制及抗血栓药物作用靶点的研究进展，本文将为开发更有效的抗血栓治疗策略提供重要参考。

Abstract: Thrombus formation, which refers to local blood coagulation, can occur in both arterial and venous circulation and represents a major health threat to humans. Understanding the mechanisms underlying arterial and venous thrombus formation and identifying appropriate therapeutic targets for antithrombotic treatment are crucial for the prevention and management of related diseases. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of arterial and venous thrombus formation and provide an overview of the research progress on therapeutic targets for antithrombotic drugs. Arterial thrombus formation primarily involves factors such as platelet activation, adhesion, aggregation, and activation of the coagulation cascade, while venous thrombus formation encompasses processes including stasis of blood, intrinsic properties of blood, and changes in endothelial cells. Currently, research on antithrombotic drugs targeting arterial and venous thrombus formation primarily focuses on inhibiting platelet activation, anticoagulation, and promoting thrombus dissolution. By summarizing the mechanisms of arterial and venous thrombus formation and the research progress on therapeutic targets for antithrombotic drugs, this article provides important insights for the development of more effective antithrombotic treatment strategies.