新疆绝经后2型糖尿病女性DKK1基因rs1896367、rs2241529位点的基因多态性及突变与骨代谢的关系
Gene Polymorphisms and Mutations of rs1896367 and rs2241529 of Dickkopf-Associated Protein 1 Gene in Post-menopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Their Relationship with Bone Metabolism in Xinjiang
DOI: 10.12677/ACM.2023.13102274, PDF, HTML, XML, 下载: 154  浏览: 177  科研立项经费支持
作者: 田倩倩, 李 军*:石河子大学第一附属医院内分泌代谢科,新疆 石河子;李思源, 赵会荣:石河子大学医学院,新疆 石河子;胡 倩:南通市第二人民医院老年医学科,江苏 南通
关键词: 2型糖尿病骨质疏松DKK1基因基因突变基因多态性Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Osteoporosis DKK1 Gene Gene Mutation Gene Polymorphism
摘要: 目的:探讨新疆地区绝经后2型糖尿病(T2DM)女性DKK1基因rs1896367、rs2241529位点的基因多态性及突变与骨代谢指标的关系。方法:选取新疆地区绝经后T2DM女性136例,根据病史,糖耐量试验(OGTT)及双能X线(BMD)分为4组:A组(糖耐量正常伴骨量正常组26例),B组(糖耐量正常伴骨量异常组28例),C组(T2DM伴骨量正常组27例),D组(T2DM伴骨量异常组55例)。测定并记录空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、甘油三脂(TG)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)等临床生化指标;Sequenom飞行时间质谱法测定DKK1基因rs1896367、rs2241529位点的基因多态性;双能X线吸收法(dual energy X-ray, DEXA)测定腰椎(L1-4)、股骨颈的骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD)。结果:1) DKK1基因rs1896367位点:与A组相比,B组、C组、D组的基因型及等位基因的频率分布有统计学差异(P < 0.05);DKK1基因rs2241529位点:与A组相比,C组、D组的基因型及等位基因的频率分布有统计学差异(P < 0.05);2) LDL-C测定:DKK1基因rs1896367、rs2241529位点突变型(AG + AA; AG + GG) (3.389 ± 1.038; 3.445 ± 1.045)低于野生型(GG; AA) (4.835 ± 0.035; 4.835 ± 0.035),(P < 0.05);3) 多元线性回归结果:绝经年限、甘油三脂是BMD (L1-4)及BMD (股骨颈)影响因素(P < 0.05)。结论:1) 在新疆绝经后T2DM女性中,DKK1基因rs1896367、rs2241529位点的基因多态性与糖、骨代谢有关。2) 多元线性回归方程结果显示:绝经年限增高、及甘油三脂的降低是BMD降低的危险因素。
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the relationship between polymorphism and mutation of rs1896367 and rs2241529 of DKK1 gene and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Xinjiang. Methods: A total of 136 postmenopausal women with T2DM in Xinjiang were selected and divided into 4 groups according to their medical history, glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and BMD. Group A (26 patients with normal glucose tolerance and normal bone mass), group B (28 patients with normal glucose tolerance and abnormal bone mass), group C (27 patients with normal bone mass and T2DM), and group D (55 patients with T2DM and abnormal bone mass). Fasting blood glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), calcium (Ca), phos-phorus (P) and other clinical biochemical indexes were measured and recorded. The polymor-phisms of rs1896367 and rs2241529 of DKK1 gene were determined by Sequenom time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine (L1-4) and femoral neck was measured by dual energy X-ray (DEXA). Results: 1) rs1896367 locus of DKK1 gene: Compared with group A, the frequency distribution of genotype and allele in groups B, C and D had statistical dif-ferences (P < 0.05). rs2241529 locus of DKK1 gene: Compared with group A, the frequency distri-bution of genotypes and alleles in groups C and D had statistical differences (P < 0.05). 2) LDL-C de-termination: rs1896367 and rs2241529 mutations of DKK1 gene (AG+AA; AG+GG) (3.389 ± 1.038; 3.445 ± 1.045) lower than wild type (GG; AA) (4.835 ± 0.035; 4.835 ± 0.035), (P < 0.05); 3) Multiple linear regression results: Menopause years and triglycerides were the influencing factors of BMD (L1-4) and BMD (neck of femur) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: 1) In postmenopausal T2DM women in Xin-jiang, the polymorphisms of rs1896367 and rs2241529 of DKK1 gene are related to glucose and bone metabolism. 2) The results of multiple linear regression equation showed that increasing menopause years and decreasing triglycerides were risk factors for decreasing BMD.
文章引用:田倩倩, 李军, 李思源, 胡倩, 赵会荣. 新疆绝经后2型糖尿病女性DKK1基因rs1896367、rs2241529位点的基因多态性及突变与骨代谢的关系[J]. 临床医学进展, 2023, 13(10): 16262-16269. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2023.13102274

1. 引言

糖尿病(Diabetes mellitus, DM)是一种以血糖异常为主要特征的慢性的全身代谢性疾病,糖尿病发病人群正在逐年上升,其成人发病率约11%,其中T2DM最常见 [1] 。骨质疏松(osteoporosis, OP)是以骨量减少和骨结构破坏为主的全身性骨病,绝经后糖尿病女性由于具有年龄、绝经、糖尿病、雌激素水平降低等OP的多重危险因素,其OP发生率高于一般人群 [2] [3] ,成为OP的主要发病和防治人群 [4] [5] 。Wnt信号通路是成骨细胞生成通路的关键因子,它通过单独或同时抑制脂肪细胞转录因子和成骨细胞转录因子的表达来诱导骨髓祖细胞分化为成骨细胞 [6] ,DKK-1是Wnt信号通路抑制剂,通过抑制Wnt信号通路,影响成骨细胞的生成,使OP发生的几率增加 [7] 。因此,本研究通过研究新疆地区绝经后T2DM女性DKK1基因rs1896367、rs2241529位点的基因多态性及突变与骨代谢指标的关系,为预防和治疗T2DM和OP提供科学的理论依据。

2. 材料与方法

2.1. 研究对象

选取新疆地区绝经后女性136例,根据病史、OGTT及双能X线测定结果分为四组:A组(糖耐量正常伴骨量正常组26例),B组(糖耐量正常伴骨量异常组28例),C组(T2DM伴骨量正常组27例),D组(T2DM伴骨量异常组55例)。T2DM、OP的诊断标准分别符合1999年、1998年WHO推荐的诊断标准。纳入标准:无意识障碍且具有正常语言表达能力的自然绝经女性。排除标准:1) 其他类型的糖尿病如妊娠期糖尿病、特殊类型糖尿病;2) 使用如糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂、双磷酸盐等影响骨代谢的药物;3) 甲状旁腺机能亢进症、多发性骨髓瘤、类风湿性关节炎等其他骨骼疾病史;4) 长期大量饮酒、吸烟史。本研究所有纳入对象均签署知情同意书,并经医院伦理委员会审核通过。

2.2. 实验方法

记录年龄、身高、体重、腰围、臀围、绝经年限等一般资料,并计算体质指数(body mass index, BMI),BMI = 体重/身高(kg/m2),腰臀比(waist hip ratio, WHR),WHR = 腰围/臀围;罗氏全自动生化分析仪(型号Modular DPP-H7600)测定空腹血糖(FPG)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)临床生化指标;采用高压液相色谱法检测糖化血红蛋(HbA1c);采用双能X线吸收法(dual energy X-ray, DEXA)测定腰椎(L1-4)、股骨颈的骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD);运用Sequenom飞行时间质谱法测定DKK1基因rs1896367、rs2241529位点的基因多态性。

2.3. 统计学处理

采用SPSS20.0软件处理数据,应用χ2检验检测DKK1基因rs1896367、rs2241529位点的基因型及等位基因分布频率是否符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,并比较组间DKK1基因2个位点的基因型及等位基因型及等位基因分布频率;计量资料以( x ¯ ± s )表示,组间比较采用方差分析,以P < 0.05时为差异具有统计学意义。

3. 结果

3.1. 四组间一般资料指标比较

结果显示:D组年龄和绝经年限均高于A组,差异有统计学差异(P < 0.01)。四组间一般资料不齐,故四组间各生化指标比较采用协方差分析(见表1)。

Table 1. Comparison of general data among the four groups ( x ¯ ± s )

表1. 四组间一般资料比较( x ¯ ± s )

与A组相比,*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01。

3.2. 各组间生化指标的比较

与A组相比,C组和D组的FPG、HbA1c水平较A组高,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.01),B组、D组的TG水平较A组高,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05) (见表2)。

Table 2. Comparison of biochemical indexes among groups after covariance analysis ( x ¯ ± s )

表2. 经协方差分析后组间生化指标的比较( x ¯ ± s )

与A组相比,*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01。

3.3. 各组间骨密度的比较

与A组相比,B组、D组的L1-4及股骨颈BMD低与A组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01) (见表3)。

Table 3. Comparison of bone mineral density among all groups after covariance analysis ( x ¯ ± s )

表3. 经协方差分析后各组间骨密度的比较( x ¯ ± s )

与A组相比,*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01。

3.4. DKK1基因rs1896367,rs2241529位点的基因型及等位基因频率分布的比较

DKK1基因rs1896367、rs2241529基因位点的基因型频率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。DKK1基因rs1896367位点、rs2241529位点,与A组相比,C组(P < 0.01)、D组(P < 0.01)的基因型及等位基因分布频率具有统计学意义(见表4表5)。

Table 4. Genotype and allele distribution frequency of rs1896367 locus of DKK1 gene ( x ¯ ± s )

表4. DKK1基因rs1896367位点基因型及等位基因分布频率( x ¯ ± s )

Table 5. Genotype and allele distribution frequency of rs2241529 locus of DKK1 gene ( x ¯ ± s )

表5. DKK1基因rs2241529位点基因型及等位基因分布频率( x ¯ ± s )

3.5. DKK1 基因 rs1896367、rs2241529 位点不同基因型间临床生化指标的比较结果显示

D组DKK1基因rs1896367、rs2241529位点突变型(AG + AA、AG + AA) LDL-C低于野生型(GG、AA),差异均具有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。DKK1基因rs1896367、rs2241529基因位点基因型的临床及生化指标在A组、B组及C组中无统计学意义(见表6)。

Table 6. Clinical and biochemical indexes of DKKI at different sites in group D ( x ¯ ± s )

表6. D组DKKI不同位点间临床及生化指标( x ¯ ± s )

3.6. BMD与DKK-1基因rs1896367、rs2241529位点基因多态性多元线性回归

以BMD (L1-4)及BMD (股骨颈)为应变量,年龄(X1)、BMI (X2)、WHR (X3)、绝经年限(X4)、FPG (X5)、HbA1c (X6)、HDL (X7)、LDL (X8)、TG (X9)、Ca (X10)、P (X11)、ALP (X12)、基因型为自变量,进行多元线性逐步回归(见表6)。

绝经年限、甘油三脂是DKK-1基因rs1896367、rs2241529位点BMD (L1-4)及BMD (股骨颈)的影响因素(P < 0.05) (见表7)。

Table 7. Multiple linear regression analysis of BMD (L1-4) and BMD (neck of femur)

表7. BMD (L1-4)、BMD (股骨颈)的多元线性回归分析

4. 讨论

OP由于骨微结构改变及骨密度下降导致骨骼脆性改变,发生骨折的风险高 [8] [9] 。绝经后T2DM女性由于年龄、雌激素水平降低、血糖升高等多种易感因素,更易发生OP导致脆性骨折 [9] 。DKK1作为Wnt信号通过的抑制剂,其在绝经后T2DM女性骨折中起重要作用 [10] [11] [12] 。

Wnt信号通路通过调节成骨细胞和破骨细胞的功能影响骨的重塑,DKK1为Wnt信号通路的拮抗剂,通过促进破骨细胞分化,抑制成骨细胞分化破坏骨的正常代谢 [13] 。本研究结果显示,与正常对照组相比,DKK1基因rs1896367位点、rs2241529位点,T2DM伴骨量正常组和T2DM伴骨量异常组的基因型及等位基因分布频率具有统计学意义(P < 0.05),提示DKK1基因的基因型可能与绝经后女性糖、骨代谢有关。这与Ahmed等人DKK1明显升高的绝经后女性有更严重的骨质疏松结果一致 [14] 。而Simona等在斯洛文尼亚地区的研究表明,所有受试者的具有相同的DKK1基因,DKK1基因的多态性无统计学意义 [15] 。因此我们考虑一方面可能纳入的样本量少,另一方面DKK1基因型及等位基因频率的分布可能受生活习惯、地域及种族的影响。

本研究发现,D组DKK1基因rs1896367、rs2241529位点野生型(GG、AA)较突变型(AG + AA、AG + AA) LDL-C水平高,说明DKK1基因表达可影响低密度脂蛋白的表达,此结果与Wang等人研究结果表明DKK1基因的表达会抑制脂质的堆积 [16] 结果一致。而Di等人研究结果显示DKK1基因表达与LDL-C无相关性 [17] ,在既往的研究中发现,不同学者纳入的研究对象因地域、种族的不同,尚未得出一致的结论,因此需要进一步研究确定DKK1与脂代谢关系。多元线性回归结果显示,甘油三脂、绝经年限是BMD的影响因素,因此,对于合并脂代谢异常的绝经后T2DM女性,应对绝经后患者进行宣教,注意筛查,预防骨质疏松的发生。

综上所述,在新疆石河子绝经后T2DM女性中,DKK1基因rs1896367、rs2241529位点的基因多态性与糖、骨代谢异常有关,以此为靶点,为绝经后T2DM女性合并骨质疏松的防治提供依据。

基金项目

国际科技合作推进计划:FOSL2通过TGF-β1/Smad3信号通路在T2DM 中作用及机制的研究(GJHZ202206)。

参考文献

NOTES

*通讯作者。

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