国际法视野下气候难民的困境及出路

The Plights and Solutions of Climate Refugees from the Perspective of International Law

摘要: 在全球变暖的大背景下，气候难民作为一个新兴问题而备受关注，但目前国际法并未赋予该群体明晰的难民身份，其存在也没有获得国际社会的承认。国际法上的定义不明确、承担责任的主体模糊、相关维权平台缺乏等原因导致他们在寻求司法救济的道路上阻碍重重。为了确保这一群体的合法权益得到有效保障，有必要重新审视与难民有关的国际法条约，归纳出气候难民的法律概念并用立法加以确定；设立专门的救济基金，为其提供基本的生存条件；各主权国家应遵循“共同但有区别的责任”原则，引导人类重视气候恶化问题，维护国际秩序的稳定，从而促进世界人权事业的发展和全球的公平正义。

Abstract: In the background of global warming, climate refugees have attracted much attention as an emerging problem. However, the international law has not granted them a clear refugee status, and their existence has not been recognized by the international community. The undefined definition in the international law, the ambiguous subject of liability, and the lack of relevant platforms for safeguarding their rights lead to many obstacles on the way to seek judicial remedy. In order to effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of this group, it is necessary to review the international treaties related to refugees, summarize the legal concept of climate refugees and define it by legislation, set up a special relief fund, and provide them with basic living conditions. All sovereign states should abide by the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”, guide mankind to pay attention to the problem of climate deterioration, and maintain the stability of the international order, so as to promote the development of the world human rights cause and global equity and justice.