高原高铁长大隧道列车空气阻力特征研究
Research on Tunnel Air Drag Characteristics of High-Speed Trains in Long Tunnel of Plateau Railway
DOI: 10.12677/IJM.2023.124013, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 魏 康, 梅元贵*：兰州交通大学甘肃省轨道交通力学应用工程实验室，甘肃 兰州
关键词: 大坡道长大隧道；空气阻力；一维流动模型；海拔高度；Long Tunnel with Large Slope； Air Drag； One-Dimensional Flow Model； Altitude
摘要: 列车通过隧道时的空气阻力比明线运行时的阻力大得多，且受到列车速度的严重影响，列车在高海拔大坡道长大隧道运行时，会承受海拔高度的持续性变化带来的阻力影响，为分析高原高铁长大隧道列车空气阻力特征，本文采用一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动模型，考虑了隧道海拔和坡度的影响，建立了高海拔、大坡度工况下的空气阻力计算方法，在论证了研究方法正确性的基础上，分析了单列车通过和两列车中央等速交会工况下的空气阻力的形成机理，研究了海拔高度对空气阻力的影响特性。研究结果表明：列车进入隧道，冲击原本静止的空气场，同时诱发隧道压力波，致使空气阻力急剧增加，而后受到压力波的影响呈现出特定变化规律，与单列车通过隧道不同的是，列车交会过程中，阻力和压力会出现剧烈的降低和增加；空气阻力随着海拔高度的增加，呈现线性降低的趋势，隧道平均空气阻力因子随着海拔高度的增加，呈现出拟线性增加的趋势。本文的研究成果可为列车通过大坡道长大隧道时，列车的牵引功率配比和阻力预测提供基础数据。
Abstract: The air drag of trains passing through tunnels is much greater than that of trains running on open lines, and is seriously affected by train speed. Trains running in long tunnels with high altitude and large slopes will bear the impact of continuous changes in altitude. To analyze the air drag characteristics of trains in long tunnels with high altitude, based on the one-dimensional unsteady compressible non-homentropic flow mode, considering the influence of elevation and slope of the tunnel, a calculation method of air drag under the condition of high altitude and large slope is established. On the basis of demonstrating the correctness of the research method, the formation mechanism of air drag under the condition of single train passing and two trains intersecting at the same speed is analyzed, and the influence characteristics of altitude on air drag are studied. The research results show that: when a train enters the tunnel, it impacts the originally stationary air field and induces tunnel pressure waves, resulting in a sharp increase in air drag, and then presents a specific change rule under the influence of pressure waves. Different from a single train passing through the tunnel, the drag and pressure will dramatically decrease and increase during the process of train intersection. The air drag decreases linearly with the increase of altitude, and the tunnel average air drag factor increases quasi-linearly with the increase of altitude. The research results of this paper can provide basic data for the traction power ratio and drag prediction of high-speed trains when trains pass through long tunnel with large slope.
文章引用：魏康, 梅元贵. 高原高铁长大隧道列车空气阻力特征研究[J]. 力学研究, 2023, 12(4): 125-134. https://doi.org/10.12677/IJM.2023.124013

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