马克思对黑格尔“国家与市民社会关系”的扬弃及超越——以马克思《黑格尔法哲学批判》为研究中心

Marx’s Sublation and Transcendence of Hegel’s “Social Relations between State and Citizens”—Based on Marx’s Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Law as the Research Center

摘要: 本文首先探究黑格尔国家与市民社会关系的总体观点即其中的基本思想和内在逻辑；进而分析在此一时期费尔巴哈在《基督教的本质》等作品中所阐明的主谓颠倒方法，及其对此时马克思思想的影响；最后阐明马克思借助费尔巴哈方法这一中间环节，对黑格尔“国家决定市民社会”这个观点的多维深刻批判，从而得出“市民社会是国家的基础”的一般唯物主义命题。这一命题为后续马克思一系列思想发展与深化奠定了理论基础。

Abstract: This paper first probes into the general point of view of the relationship between Hegel’s state and civil society, that is, the basic ideas and internal logic, and then analyzes the subject-predicate re-versal method expounded by Feuerbach in his works such as The Essence of Christianity during this period, and its influence on Marx’s thought at this time. Finally, with the help of Feuerbach method, Marx deeply criticizes Hegel’s view that “the state determines the civil society”, and obtains the general materialistic proposition that “civil society is the foundation of the state”. This proposition laid a theoretical foundation for the development and deepening of a series of thoughts of Marx.