新疆阿勒泰地区近50a高温日数的时空变化特征

Temporal and Spatial Variation of High Temperature Weather in Recent 50 Years in Altay Area of Xinjiang Province

摘要: 利用新疆阿勒泰地区六县一市7个气象站1961~2010年间≥35℃高温日数资料，通过经验正交函数分解、Mann-Kendall突变检验、Morlet小波分析方法，对阿勒泰地区高温日数的时空变化及低频振荡特征进行了研究。结果表明，阿勒泰地区高温天气在5~9月均有出现，7月份最多(平均每年8.7 d)，空间分布以全地区一致增加为主，部分年份还呈现山区、平原差异分布。高温日数波动在20世纪90年代末以后最为剧烈，其次在60年代，在80年代最稳定；气候突变发生在1974年。对时间系数进行小波变换发现，前两个特征向量的时间系数均具有显著的周期振荡特征，周期尺度也随时间的变化而变化。

Abstract: Based on the more than 35°C high temperature data (1961-2010) from 7 meteorological stations in Altay of Xinjiang province, the spatial-temporal variations of high temperature weather have been analyzed by Empirical Or-thogonal Function, Mann-Kendall Mutation detection and Wavelet Analysis. The results show that the high temperature have emerged from May to September in Altay area, the most in July (an average of 8.7 d). The high temperature throughout the area mainly has the spatial distribution patterns of “whole consistency” and “mountain-plain area differ-ence”. The fluctuation of high temperature was strongest in the end of 1990’s, then in 1960’s, the weakest was in 1980’s and a climate abrupt change happened in 1974. Wavelet analysis shows that temporal coefficient of the first two eigen-vectors had significant characteristics of low frequency oscillation and the period scales changed with the time.