1979~2018中国西北与西南地区降水变化特征

Characteristics of Precipitation Changes in Northwest and Southwest China from 1979 to 2018

摘要: 为进一步研究我国西北、西南地区在全球变暖影响下，近四十年来时间和空间分布上降水的变化情况，选用1979年1月~2018年l2月的中国区域地面气象要素数据集–阳坤降水资料对西北(75~105˚E, 35~50˚N)、西南地区(95~111˚E, 20~35˚N)两地区的年降水量的变化趋势和空间分布进行了对比分析。结论如下：近四十年中国西北地区春、夏、秋、冬以及全年降水量在四十年内都呈现大幅度波动增长模式，夏季波动幅度最大，冬季波动幅度最小；西南地区春、夏、冬以及全年都呈现波动模式，整体增长和下降趋势不明显，夏季波动幅度最大，冬季波动幅度最小；两地区均为夏季降水最多，冬季降水最少，春季、秋季日平均降水与全年区别不大。就降水空间分布来讲，西北地区降水分布由中心向四周增加，四十年来塔里木盆地、柴达木盆地以及青海湖等区域变化更为直观；西南地区降水分布从东向西递减，四川中心具有多雨区，近四十年来广西地区降水减少变化更为直观，四川中心雨区的缩小更为明显。

Abstract: In order to further study the changes in precipitation over time and space distribution in the northwest and southwest regions of China under the influence of global warming in the past forty years, the data set of regional meteorological elements in China from January 1979 to February 2018 was selected-Yangkun Precipitation data compared the trend and spatial distribution of annual precipitation in the northwest (75 - 105˚E, 35 - 50˚N) and southwestern regions (95 - 111˚E, 20 - 35˚N). The following conclusions are drawn: In the past 40 years, the spring, summer, autumn, winter and annual precipitation in northwestern China showed a large fluctuation growth pattern within 40 years, with the largest fluctuation in summer and the smallest fluctuation in winter; the spring, summer, winter and all. There are fluctuation patterns in each year, the overall growth and decline trend is not obvious, the fluctuation range in summer is the largest, and the fluctuation range in winter is the smallest; in both regions, the summer precipitation is the most and the winter precipitation is the least. As far as the spatial distribution of precipitation is concerned, the distribution of precipitation in the northwest region has increased from the center to the surroundings. The changes in the Tarim Basin, Qaidam Basin and Qinghai Lake have been more intuitive in the past 40 years; in rainy areas, the changes in precipitation reduction in Guangxi in the past 40 years are more intuitive, and the shrinkage of the central rain area in Sichuan is more obvious.