基于实时数据进行水平井随钻跟踪分析的方法探讨

The Method for Analysis of Tracking While Drilling in Horizontal Wells Based on Real-time Data

摘要: 油气田勘探开发过程中，水平井由于其井眼穿过油层长、获得信息多、开发高效等优势，逐步成为勘探开发的重点钻井技术。而在水平井钻进过程中，如何利用随钻过程中获得的岩性、电性、物性及含油气性等录井资料进行随钻跟踪分析成为了录测井工作的重中之重。水平井随钻跟踪分析包括3个方面：一是钻井前期阶段结合邻井准确进行水平井的地质工程设计技术；二是钻井进入目的层前的地层分析对比和实时预测技术；三是进入目的层后的实时性、可视性的综合跟踪分析与导向建议。通过实时数据进行测录井精细地质对比，及时修正模型，实钻与设计剖面实时对比，确保水平井井眼轨迹准确进入目的层。当水平段发生偏离设计轨迹、钻出目的层、岩性突变、气测异常等情况时，可以利用随钻测井资料、录井资料、区域资料、地震资料等进行精确解释评价，结合钻井螺杆参数，给出轨迹调整方案，保证油气层钻遇率。

Abstract: During the process of oil and gas field exploration and development, the horizontal well has gradually become the main drilling technology for oil and gas exploration and development because of its advantages of longer penetrated oil layer, more obtained information and efficient development. How to use the logging data such as lithology, electrical properties, physical properties and oil and gas properties for analysis of tracking while drilling has become the top priority in logging. The analysis of tracking while drilling of horizontal wells included the following three aspects: First, at the early stage of drilling, geological engineering design of the horizontal well based on data of adjacent wells, second, before drilling into the target layer, analysis and correlation of the formation and real-time forecasting, third, after entering the layer, the real-time, visualized and integrated analysis and guidance. Real-time data are used to make detailed geologic correlation and adjust the model timely, and the real drilling and the designed trajectories are compared to ensure that the horizontal well trajectory accurately enters into the target layer. When accidents like horizontal interval deviating from the designed trajectory, drilling out of the target layer, sudden changes in lithology, and abnormal logging data occur, accurate interpretation and evaluation can be made based on well/mud logging data while drilling, regional data, and seismic data, etc., and the trajectory adjustment program can be proposed according to drilling screw parameters, to ensure the reservoir-encounter ratio.