东北稻区抗药性杂草防除技术

Control Techniques of Resistant Weeds in Paddy Field in Northeast of China

摘要: 随着稻田抗药性杂草出现频率的加快和杂草种子传播特征的变化，东北稻区也面临抗药性杂草、外来入侵杂草大发生的风险。研究结果表明，东北稻区除了发生本稻区固有的慈姑(Sagittaria sagit-tifolia)、雨久花(Monochoria korsakowii)和稻稗(Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.)抗药突变生态型以外，还发生稻李氏禾(Leersia orygoides L. (SW))、杂草稻(Weedy rice)等耐药性很强的外来入侵杂草种类。抗药性慈姑、雨久花和稻稗均发生于东北稻区；杂草稻主要分布于黑龙江、辽宁和吉林省东部稻区；稻李氏禾主要分布于辽宁和延边稻区。上述杂草的危害特征除了与水稻竞争以外，杂草稻主要降低商品米的等级；稻李氏禾引起水稻倒伏和阻碍人工作业、机械收割。稻田管理上，针对抗药性杂草不同的稻区、稻田应及时鉴定其抗药性特征，改用非抗性除草剂种类；对耐药性强的外来入侵杂草应采取秋翻、早泡田晚落水等综合防除技术措施。如果是针对大面积、多种类发生稻区，提倡耙地时使用适宜的除草剂。

Abstract: With the increasing frequency of resistance weeds in rice fields and the variation of weed seeds propagation characteristics, the northeast rice regions are also at risk of resistance weeds and exotic invasive weeds. The results showed that in addition to the three Sagittaria sagittifolia, Monochoria korsakowii and Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv resistant mutant ecotype weeds in the northeast rice region, the exotic invasive rice species such as Leersia orygoides L. (SW) and Weedy rice are also occurred with high resistance. Resistance Sagittaria sagittifolia, Monochoria korsakowii and Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv all occurred in the northeast rice region; Weedy rice mainly distributed in the east rice region of Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Jilin Province; Leersia orygoides L. (SW) mainly distributed in Liaoning and Yanbian rice regions. Apart from competing with rice, above weeds have many hazard characteristics: Weedy rice mainly reduce the grade of commercial rice; Leersia orygoides L. can cause rice lodging and obstructing manual work and mechanical harvesting. In paddy field management, different resistant rice regions and paddy fields should be identified for resistance characteristics in time, and the non-resistant herbicide should be used. In view of the foreign invading weeds with strong resistance, the comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken, such as autumn turning, early watering and extend the time. If it is for rice regions of a large area and many types of weeds, we should use suitable herbicides when raking.