情绪调节策略与过程

The Strategy and Process of Emotional Regulation

摘要: 情绪调节旨在影响个体在某具体情境中产生情绪的类型、时间，及其内在体验与外在表达。Gross以情绪发生过程为基础，提出情绪调节过程模型将情绪调节策略分为情境选择、情境修正、注意分配、认知改变和反应调整五种，并成为诸多情绪调节研究的理论基础。同时不少研究对情绪调节的过程及其机制进行了探索。扩展的情绪调节过程模型进一步指出评价系统之间的交互是情绪调节的动力，认为情绪调节过程包括识别阶段、选择阶段和执行阶段三个评价系统，并指出情绪调节过程中可能存在失败点，导致情绪调节中断或失败。这为情绪调节困难研究提供了新的理论支撑与指导。本研究首先综述了以情绪调节过程模型为基础的五种策略的研究现状；然后介绍了情绪调节的三阶段过程，及其各阶段中的潜在失败点；最后指出未来情绪调节领域可能更加关注探索情绪调节干预实践以及进一步探讨情绪调节灵活性问题。

Abstract: Emotional regulation refers to the process that influences the type, timing, internal experience and external expression of an individual’s emotions in a particular situation. Based on the emo-tional process, Gross proposed the emotional regulation process model to divide the emotion regulation strategy into five categories: situation selection, situation modification, attentional deployment, cognitive change and response modulation, which became the theoretical basis of many emotion regulation researches. At the same time, many studies have explored the process and mechanism of emotional regulation. The extended emotional regulation process model further indicates that the interaction between the evaluation systems is the motivation of emotional regulation, thinks that the emotional regulation process includes three evaluation systems: identification stage, selection stage and implement stage, and points out that the emotional regulation process may have the failure point, which causes emotional disruption or failure. This provides new theoretical support and guidance for the study of emotional regulation difficulties. First, this paper reviewed the research status of five strategies based on the emotional regulation process model, then introduced the three-stage process of emotional regulation, and the potential failure points in each stage. Finally, it pointed out that the future field of emotional regulation may more focus on exploration of emotional regulation intervention practices and emotional regulation flexibility.