粗谈河流的形成、演变和治理

Discussion on the Formation, Evolution and Harnessing of Rivers

摘要: 海洋与陆地气水循环产生的河流，为人类的生活、生产提供流动的淡水、运输航道和可再生的清洁能源，其唯一的灾害是洪水泛滥。流域流失过多的泥沙，会引起河床淤积抬高和主流摆动，对水库、航道等各项兴利事业和防洪安全都不利。因此，河流的开发治理应与流域的水土保持工作一起进行。减少流域进入河流沙量的程度，以维持河口地区海岸线的稳定、河道的平衡输沙以及改善流域地区的生态环境为标准。水土保持工作的成效需通过按下垫面变化修正前期的水沙资料，才能在规划设计和管理运用工作中产生效益。

Abstract: Rivers generated by the air-water cycle of oceans and lands provide flowing fresh water, transportation channels and reproducible clean energy for human life and production. The only disaster of rivers is flood hazard. The excessive sediment loss in the river basin will cause the riverbed deposited to rise and the main flow to vibrate, which is not conducive to reservoirs, navigable channels, etc. many item water conservancy projects and flood control safety. Therefore, the river harnessing should be carried out with the water and soil conservation works so as to reduce the amount of sediment entering the river basin. They are the criteria that maintain the stability of the coastline in the river mouth area, balance sediment transport in the river channel and improve the ecological environment of the river basin area. The results of water and soil conservation will produce effectiveness of planning, design and management. It needs the previous water and sediment data to be revised according to the variation of underlying surface.