植物外生菌根菌松茸菌丝培养基的优化研究

Study on Optimization of Mycelium Medium for a Plant Mycorrhizal, Tricholoma matsutake

摘要: 松茸是由真菌感染其适宜植物根系形成，为菌根菌。其是一种名贵的野生药食两用菌，特别是在日本被视为菇中之珍品，有很高的营养价值和特殊的药用效果。对松茸的过度挖掘造成野生松茸资源匮乏，松茸人工栽培技术则是实现松茸产业可持续性发展的重要基础。目前，半人工模拟栽培主要是设计出一种模拟在自然状态下，松茸生活史的发生发展及最后形成子实体的过程，利用人工或天然接种成功的菌根化苗木达到生产松茸的目的。利用松茸菌丝替代子实体孢子悬浮液进行接种，具有减少对松茸子实体的依赖性和生产成本、保护林下松茸野生资源、促进松茸人工繁育进程的积极意义，但需要成熟高效的菌丝培养技术。因此该研究从四川等地林下采取松茸样品，在ITS分子鉴定并纯化得到纯种菌丝的基础上，以菌丝直径为指标，筛选得出最适宜的菌丝生长培养基。

Abstract: Tricholoma matsutake is a kind of mycorrhizal fungi, which is suitable for root formation of plants infected by fungi. It is a kind of rare wild medicinal and edible fungus, especially in Japan is regarded as the treasure of mushroom and has high nutritional value and special medicinal effect. The over exploitation of T. matsutake results in the shortage of wild truffle resources, and the artificial cultivation technology of T. matsutake is an important basis for the sustainable development of T. matsutake industry. At present, semi artificial cultivation is mainly designed to simulate the occurrence and development of T. matsutake life history and the final formation of fruiting body in the natural state, using artificial or natural inoculation of successful mycorrhizal seedlings to achieve the purpose of T. matsutake production. Using T. matsutake mycelium instead of sporozoite suspension to inoculate T. matsutake has the positive significance of reducing the dependence on T. matsutake fruiting b ody and production cost, protecting wild T. matsutake resources under forest and promoting the process of T. matsutake artificial breeding, but mature and efficient mycelium culture technology is needed. Therefore, in this study, T. matsutake samples were taken from the forests of Sichuan and other places. On the basis of its molecular identification and purification, the most suitable mycelial growth medium was selected with the mycelial diameter as the index.