天然晶体中常见包裹体及其成因研究

Study on the Common Inclusions in Natural Crystals and Their Genesis

摘要: 随着社会越来越发展，生活水平愈来愈好，宝石因为瑰丽、耐久、稀有的特性，从而受到人们的喜爱。在天然形成的宝石中，水晶的种类繁多，有晶体，非晶体之分，也有变种的固体矿物。它们形成过程中封闭了许多不同种类的杂质和包裹体，最后形成更瑰丽的水晶。天然水晶的包裹体也分有很多种类，但是常见的包裹体有金红石包裹体，绿泥石包裹体，还有一些针状、纤维状的固体包裹体。我们可以使用宝石显微镜、偏振光显微镜、拉曼光谱、电子探针等仪器对天然形成的水晶包裹体做一系列系统的光学检测与化学成分的分析，最后能够确定该固态内含物以及“面包渣”状固体物质的物相组成。研究者们还可以从各种不同的角度观察不同的样品或者相同的样品的各类包裹体的形态、颜色、大小和分布特征，在此基础上，进一步讨论了不同来源天然晶体中固体矿物的类型、化学成分、相组成及分布特征。在自然界中，原材料的质量、水、温度、压力等条件不断变化，因此晶体的形成将难以达到一定的理想状态，通常要经过数万次，甚至数百万次，才能达到同样的发展。

Abstract: With the development of society, the living standard is getting better and better. Gemstones are loved by people because of their magnificent, durable and rare characteristics. Among the gem-stones formed naturally, there are many kinds of crystals, including crystals, amorphous, and various solid minerals. During their formation, many different kinds of impurities and inclusions were sealed, and finally more magnificent crystals were formed. There are many kinds of inclusions in natural crystals, but rutile inclusions, chlorite inclusions and some acicular and fibrous solid inclusions are common inclusions. We can use gem microscopy, polarized light microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electron probe and other instruments to make a series of systematic optical detection and chemical composition analysis of natural crystal inclusions. Finally, we can determine the phase composition of the solid inclusions and “bread crumb” solid substances. Researchers can also observe the morphology, color, size and distribution characteristics of inclusions in different samples or the same samples from different angles. On this basis, the types, chemical composition, phase composition and distribution characteristics of solid minerals in natural crystals from different sources are further discussed. In nature, the quality of raw materials, water, temperature, pressure and other conditions are constantly changing, so the formation of crystals will be difficult to achieve a certain ideal state, usually through tens of thousands of times, or even millions of times, to achieve the same development.