HMX/石墨/Fe₂O₃复合含能材料的制备及激光点火性能测试

Preparation of HMX/Graphite/Fe₂O₃ Composite Energetic Material and Its Laser Ignition Performance Test

摘要: 采用类共沉淀法将催化剂三氧化二铁(Fe₂O₃)和吸光材料石墨与高能猛炸药奥克托今(HMX)复合，制备一系列不同配比的HMX/石墨/Fe₂O₃复合含能材料。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对其形貌和结构进行了表征，通过紫外–可见–近红外漫反射光谱(UV-Vis-DRS)测试光吸收性能；并将HMX/石墨/Fe₂O₃复合含能材料在一定激光强度下进行1064 nm激光点火性能测试。结果表明，复合物中的HMX为规则的多边几何形状，粒度在20 μm以内，石墨与Fe₂O₃均匀分布在HMX表面，复合效果较好。添加石墨/Fe₂O₃的HMX基复合含能材料在激光能量密度31.34 J/cm²下能发火并持续稳定燃烧，不同质量比的石墨/Fe₂O₃和催化剂Fe₂O₃粒径的大小会影响复合材料的点火延迟时间和质量燃烧速率。在添加石墨/Fe₂O₃质量分数为5%时，随着石墨相对含量的增加和Fe₂O₃颗粒的增大，药剂点火延迟时间增加，当石墨/Fe₂O₃质量比为4:1时药剂质量燃烧速率最快，为0.0440 g∙cm⁻²∙s⁻¹。

Abstract: The catalyst ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) and the absorbent material graphite were combined with the high-energy explosive octogen (HMX) by using co-precipitation method. A series of HMX/graphite/Fe₂O₃ composite energetic materials with different ratios were prepared. Their morphologies were obtained by SEM and structure by XRD and FT-IR, the light absorption performance was tested by UV-Vis-DRS. And the laser ignition performance of the HMX/graphite/ Fe₂O₃ composite energetic materials was tested under a certain laser energy intensity of 1064 nm wavelength. The results showed that the HMX particles in the composite were in a regular polygonal geometry with the particle size of within 20 μm, the graphite/Fe₂O₃ was uniformly distributed on the surface of the HMX particles. The HMX-based composite energetic materials with graphite/Fe₂O₃ could be ignited and burn continuously under the laser energy density of 31.34 J/cm². Different mass ratios of graphite/Fe₂O₃ and the particle size of catalyst Fe₂O₃ can affect the ignition delay time and mass burning rate. With the total mass fraction of graphite/Fe₂O₃ was 5%, the ignition delay time of HMX/graphite/Fe₂O₃ composite increased with the increase of the relative content of graphite and the increase of Fe₂O₃ particle size. When the mass ratio of graphite/Fe₂O₃ is 4:1, the combustion velocity of the composite was the fastest, which is 0.0440 g∙cm⁻²∙s⁻¹.