批判性思维：特征和影响因素

Critical Thinking: Characteristics and Influencing Factors

摘要: 在快速变化、普遍联系和日益复杂的时代，批判性思维的重要性日益凸显。和其他任何技能一样，学会思考也有规律可循。文章首先分析了批判性思维的基本特征，由七个维度构成：清晰性、准确性、精确性、相关性、一致性、完整性和公平性。接着介绍了阻碍批判性思维的四大影响因素：自我中心主义、社会中心主义、刻板印象和一厢情愿。通过批判性思维特征和影响因素的分析，旨在为学习者提供一些思路，在课程学习、日常生活和实际工作中有意识地练习、体验和使用批判性思维。

Abstract: In an era of rapid change, universal connection and increasing complexity, critical thinking has become increasingly important. Like any other skills, there are rules to learning to think. This paper first analyzes the basic characteristics of critical thinking, which consists of seven aspects: clarity, accuracy, precision, relevance, consistency, completeness and fairness. Then it introduces four influencing factors that hinder critical thinking: egocentrism, socialcentrism, stereotype and wishful thinking. By analyzing the characteristics and influencing factors of critical thinking, this paper aims to provide some ideas for learners to consciously practice, experience and use critical thinking in course learning, daily life and practical work.