感性与理性的和谐统一——席勒美学思想的主要论点

The Harmonious Integration of Perception and Rationality—Schiller’s Main Arguments on Aesthetics

摘要: 席勒从审美的角度出发，探寻更大范围的政治问题。他的审美思想中关于“人在游戏冲动中，通过审美获得自由”的思想为“政治何以实现自由”提供了理论基础——“游戏冲动”调和“感性冲动”和“理性冲动”，实现感性与理性的和谐统一，人性因此获得自由。同理，政治要实现自由，须使得统治国家与民众诉求达成一致，政治自由的国度体现的是共同体的整体意志。美育是实现人性自由的唯一途径，人性实现自由的路径是政治实现自由的策略。

Abstract: Schiller explores a wider range of politic issues from the perspective of aesthetics. In his thought about aesthetics, the idea that “people gain freedom in the game impulse” set theoretical basis for the way of “how can people achieve politic freedom”—“Game impulse” reconciles “perceptual impulse” and “rational impulse” which makes individuals’ perception and rationality achieve harmonious integration. As a result, people obtain freedom in terms of human nature. Similarly, the consistency between the country and the people is an approach to have politic freedom. A state with politic freedom reflects the will of the community. It is aesthetic education that is regarded as the only approach to achieve human freedom, which in turn looked upon as a strategy to have politic freedom.