纯电动车集成热管理系统性能分析

Performance Analysis of Integrated Thermal Management System for Pure Electric Vehicle

摘要: 为研究纯电动车集成热管理系统性能，本文提出了基于热泵的串并联耦合集成热管理系统方案，以乘员舱和电池为研究对象，借助AMEsim软件搭建系统仿真平台，通过实验数据对模型的标定验证。以不同工况下集成工作模式中的乘员舱、电池的温度变化等参数进行分析。结果表明：在35℃夏季工况下，乘员舱温度可快速达到目标温度，最高COP为5.841，在40℃、45℃高温工况下，可通过增大压缩机转速牺牲系统能效比的方式，满足热舒适性要求。并联方案能够较好的让电池在40℃的环境工况中把电池温度控制在25℃左右。电池模组间的最大温差为1.2℃，满足热均匀性要求。冬季工况中，系统在7℃时达到最大的COP为2.3，得益于串联系统架构可以有效恢复电池活性，提升整车续航能力。通过采用“PTC + 热泵”组合对乘员舱制热方案改进，对提升冷启动阶段乘员舱温度的快速响应能力有明显优势。此结果对集成热管理系统研究与优化提供了部分依据，解决了热泵在超低温条件下不能正常工作的问题。

Abstract: In order to study the performance of the integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles, this paper proposes a series parallel coupled integrated thermal management system scheme based on heat pumps. Taking the passenger compartment and battery as the research ob-jects, a system simulation platform is built using AMEsim software, and the model is calibrated and validated through experimental data. The temperature changes of the passenger compartment and battery in the integrated working mode under different operating conditions are analyzed. The re-sults show that under summer conditions of 35˚C, the temperature of the passenger compartment can quickly reach the target temperature, with a maximum COP of 5.841. Under high temperature conditions of 40˚C and 45˚C, the thermal comfort requirements can be met by increasing the com-pressor speed at the expense of the energy efficiency ratio of the system. The parallel connection scheme can better control the battery temperature at about 25˚C in an ambient condition of 40˚C. The maximum temperature difference between battery modules is 1.2˚C, meeting the thermal uni-formity requirements. In winter conditions, the system achieves a maximum COP of 2.3 at 7˚C, which can effectively restore battery activity and improve vehicle endurance thanks to the series system architecture. By improving the heating scheme of the passenger compartment using a com-bination of “PTC + Heat pump”, it has significant advantages in improving the rapid response ability to the temperature of the passenger compartment during the cold start phase. This result provides a partial basis for the research and optimization of integrated heat management systems, and solves the problem that heat pumps cannot work properly under ultra-low temperature conditions.