粤语民谣中拟声词拟态词的语音形态及其语用功能考察

Exploring the Phonological Features and Pragmatic Applications of Onomatopoeia and Mimetic Words in Cantonese Folk Songs

摘要: 粤语民谣中的拟声词和拟态词作为独特的艺术形式，用于表现情感、描绘景物和模仿声音。然而，现有研究较多关注字典和古代文献，对现代语料中的实际运用情况尚不清晰。因此，本研究以粤语民间歌谣为调查对象，探索拟声词和拟态词的语音形态及语用功能。数据来源自《中国民间歌曲集成广东卷》《广州民间歌谣》和《老广新韵》等文本资料，共收集212个词，分为11种词形结构。结果显示，粤语民谣中广泛使用拟声词和拟态词，生动地模拟动物声音、人声特征和自然界音响，同时在情感表达方面起关键作用。其中，ABB型结构最常见，其次为BBA型，单音节A型较罕见。拟声词和拟态词的不同结构常用于无主语句，句式简短且常省略成分，丰富了粤语民谣的语言表达。

Abstract: In Cantonese folk songs, onomatopoeia and mimetic words serve as distinctive artistic forms that are used to convey emotions, depict scenery, and imitate sounds. The existing research has predominantly focused on dictionaries and ancient texts. In contrast, the practical application of these elements in modern language data remains unclear. Accordingly, this study examines modern Cantonese folk songs to explore the phonetic structures and pragmatic functions of onomatopoeia and mimetic words. The data sets include texts such as Collection of Traditional Chinese Folk Music in Guangdong, Guangzhou Folk Songs and lǎoguǎngxīnyùn, encompassing 212 words classified into 11 structures. The findings reveal that onomatopoeia and mimetic words are extensively employed in Cantonese folk songs to vividly simulate animal sounds, human voices, and natural sounds, thereby playing a pivotal role in expressing emotions. In the examined folk songs, the ABB structure emerges as the most prevalent, followed by the BBA structure, whereas the single-syllable A structure is less common. These distinct word structures are frequently utilized in simple sentences such as sentences that omit subjects and other sentence elements. These structures significantly enrich the linguistic expression of Cantonese folk songs.