论海上执法使用武力的国际法合法性

The Legality of the Use of Force in Maritime Law Enforcement under International Law

摘要: 《海警法》的出台实施使得中国海警海上维权执法活动有了统一的标准和规范。其中第22条以及第六章明确了海警海上执法时使用武力的权力，引发了部分国家特别是周边国家的担忧和反对。讨论海上执法使用武力的国际法合法性，必须首先阐明海上执法使用武力的内涵，明确其行为性质以及与军事武力的区别。以《海警法》文本规定为基础，对国际法的相关规则以及国际法院和国际法庭对于海上执法使用武力的实践进行分析后可知，《海警法》授权海警使用武力执法具有国际法合法性，但武力的行使须符合限度。

Abstract: The promulgation and implementation of the Coast Guard Law of the People’s Republic of China has brought uniform standards and norms for China’s coast guard’s rights protection activities and law enforcement. In this law, the Article 22 and Chapter VI clarify China’s coast guard’s power to use force in law enforcement activities, which has aroused concerns and opposition from some countries, especially neighboring countries. To discuss the legality of the use of force in maritime law enforcement under international law, we must first clarify the connotation of the use of force in maritime law enforcement, the nature of its behavior and its difference from military force. Based on the provisions of the Coast Guard Law, after analyzing the relevant rules of international law and the practice of international courts and tribunals on the use of force in maritime law enforcement, it can be assumed that the Coast Guard Law’s authorizing the coast guard to use force in law enforcement is definitely legal according to international law. But the form of the use of force must be limited.