体认语言学视域下俄汉ребёнок/孩童名称对比研究

Comparative Study of Russian and Chinese Pебёнок/Child Names from the Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics

摘要: 体认语言学自诞生之日起就判定语言来自对现实的互动体验与认知加工，着重强调语言研究的体验性。孩童是人类群体中不可或缺的重要成员，是家庭和社会持续发展的基础，孩童名称广泛存在于人类话语体系中。基于体认语言学的核心原则，特对不同文化背景下孩童名称的语言特征进行多维度研究。本文借助词典对俄汉孩童名称进行历时语言对比，构建俄汉孩童词群，并对比两词群内部结构、词群大小、性别表达类型。通过НКРЯ语料库和CCL语料库对孩童名词进行语用频度统计、语用特征对比、核心词搭配分析，并结合具体语境阐释互动体验和社会文化背景。最终得出俄汉孩童名称语义相通，体现了人类互动体验的共性，而孩童词群及核心词的语用差异主要取决于两语言的词汇特征、普遍语法特征、文化和观念差异。

Abstract: Since its inception, cognitive linguistics has determined that language arises from the interactive experience and cognitive processing of reality, emphasizing the experiential nature of linguistic re-search. Children are indispensable members of the human community and serve as the foundation for the continuous development of families and societies. Child names are widely present in human discourse systems. Based on the core principles of cognitive linguistics, this study conducts a multi-dimensional analysis of the linguistic features of child names in different cultural backgrounds. By comparing Russian and Chinese child names over time using dictionary definitions, authoritative Russian and Chinese dictionaries are relied upon to construct Russian and Chinese child word groups, and the internal structure, size, and gender expression types of the two word groups are compared. Through the analysis of corpus data from the National Corpus of Russian Language (НКРЯ) and the Chinese Corpus Linguistics (CCL), the study statistically analyzes the pragmatic fre-quency and features, core word collocations of child nouns, and interprets the interactive experi-ences and socio-cultural backgrounds in specific contexts. Ultimately, the study concludes that Rus-sian and Chinese child names share semantic similarities, reflecting the universality of human in-teractive experiences. However, the pragmatic differences in child word groups and core words mainly depend on the lexical features, universal grammatical features, cultural, and conceptual dif-ferences between the two languages.