辽宁省秸秆焚烧PM2.5排放量估算及研究分析

Estimation and Research Analysis of PM2.5 Emissions from Straw Incineration in Liaoning Province

摘要: 进入21世纪以来，辽宁省农民主要农作物是大米、玉米、高粱、油料、谷子、大豆、花生等产生秸秆的农作物。虽然经济水平提高但主要农作物仍然是这些粮食作物，易于产生秸秆。随着农作物单季产量每年不断提高，秸秆总量也在飞速增加，所以多数地区接连出现大规模秸秆焚烧现象；然而，秸秆的大量燃烧不仅造成了丰富而宝贵的生物资源的持续浪费，而且造成了该地区严重的环境污染，主要是在辽宁省的秋收时期，造成区域性重雾霾污染事件发生的重要原因之一就是大面积集中焚烧秸秆。焚烧秸秆产生空气污染物，以PM2.5为主要污染物，易造成雾霾天气。PM2.5因其粒径小、组成复杂、性质多样等特点，具有较强的吸附能力，并且会将产生的可吸入颗粒物、重金属和病毒输送到人体呼吸道和肺部，对人体健康产生很大的负面影响，所以有必要研究这种污染源。辽宁省农作物秸秆理论资源量由2010年的2046.51 × 104 t增长到了2019年的2804.20 × 104 t，增幅37.02%，增幅较大；区域内秸秆资源特别丰富，总焚烧量年均达到近2804.4 × 104 t左右。根据预测的发展趋势，未来秸秆焚烧不会减少，秸秆焚烧产生的PM2.5排放量将逐年增加。但是由于现有的政策以及规范，让秸秆处理更加多样化，使秸秆处理对环境伤害更小，相信在不久的将来农作物秸秆处理会更加完善。

Abstract: Since entering the 21st century, the main crops of farmers in Liaoning Province are rice, corn, sorghum, oil, millet, soybean, peanut and other straw crops. Although the economic level has improved, the main crops are still these food crops, which are easy to produce straw. With the annual increase of crop output in one season, the total amount of straw is also increasing rapidly, so large-scale straw burning occurs in most areas. However, large-scale straw burning not only caused the continuous waste of rich and valuable biological resources, but also caused se-rious environmental pollution in the region, mainly in the autumn harvest period of Liaoning Province, one of the important reasons for regional heavy haze pollution events is large-scale centralized burning of straw. PM2.5 has strong adsorption capacity because of its small particle size, complex composition and diverse properties, and will produce respirable particles, heavy metals and viruses to the human respiratory tract and lungs, having a great negative impact on human health. Therefore, it is necessary to study this source of pollution. Liaoning Province has superior natural conditions, crop output is relatively stable, and straw output is large. The the-oretical crop straw resources in Liaoning Province increased from 2046.51 × 104 t in 2010 to 2804.20 × 104 t in 2019, with an increase of 37.02%. The straw resources in the region are par-ticularly rich, and the total incineration amount reaches about 2804.4 × 104 t per year. According to the predicted development trend, the future straw incineration will not be reduced, and the PM2.5 emissions generated by straw incineration will increase year by year. However, due to the existing policies and norms, the straw treatment is more diversified, so that the straw treatment is less harmful to the environment, and I believe that the crop straw treatment will be more perfect in the near future.