大学物理实验综合性与设计性实验项目探索

Exploration of Comprehensive and Designed Experimental Projects in University Physics Experiment Course

摘要: 大学物理实验对提升学生创新能力具有重要作用，而构建综合性与设计性实验项目是开设大学物理实验创新性的基础。本文基于OBE理念，以成果、创新能力需求为导向综合性与设计性实验的教学目标、以学生为中心设计实验教学过程，构建大学物理实验综合性与设计性实验项目，建立了“项目式教学、团队创新、量表评价”的三位一体式大学物理实验综合性与设计性实验项目构建思路。以团队项目式教学为本体，对创新方法在实验中的应用进行指导；以团队创新为基础，提升学生实验自主性；以量表评价机制，构建多维度评价学生创新实验考核方法，保障实验教学目标的实现。同时以“透明液体浓度测量”实验为例，详细介绍了对大学物理实验综合性与设计性实验的探索，为大学物理实验教学改革提供参考模式。

Abstract: University physics experiments play an important role in improving students’ innovative abilities, and building comprehensive and designed experimental projects is the basis for establishing innovative university physics experiment courses. Based on the OBE concept, the teaching objectives of comprehensive and designed experiments are guided by results and innovation ability needs, and the experimental teaching process is designed with students as the center. The trinity thought of “project-based teaching, team innovation, and scale evaluation” for constructing comprehensive and designed experimental projects in university physics experiment courses is established. Based on team project teaching, we provide guidance on the application of innovative methods in experiments; on the basis of team innovation, we improve students’ experimental autonomy; on the basis of a scale evaluation mechanism, we build a multi-dimensional evaluation method for students’ innovative experiments to ensure the realization of experimental teaching objectives. Meanwhile, taking the “Young’s modulus measurement” experiment as examples, the exploration of comprehensive and designed experiments in university physics experiment courses is introduced in detail, which provides a reference model for the reform of university physics experiment teaching.