基于PEST模型的主要发达国家农业气象服务发展及其启示

The Development of Agricultural Meteorological Services in Major Developed Countries Based on the PEST Model and Its Implications

摘要: 近年来气候变化带来的负面影响对农业生产产生了切实的影响，各国采取了系统性的措施来更好地应对气候变化的挑战，确保国家粮食安全和农业可持续发展。文中采用PEST模型系统分析了美国、欧洲和以色列等发达国家/地区及农业特色国家在农业气象服务发展上的最新进展和成功经验，结论：1) 在政治方面(Political)，这些国家通过完善法律法规体系和优化政策，提供了强大的政策支持和法律保障；2) 在经济方面(Economic)，通过农业气象资金支持和农业气象保险大力推动农业气象服务的发展，并为农业从业者应对气象灾害提供了充足的资金保障；3) 在社会方面(Social)，通过打造免费共享的高质量农业气象信息服务系列产品和高度重视农业教育，扩大了农业气象服务的影响力并提升了农业从业人员的素质；4) 在技术方面(Technological)，通过建立完善的农业气象观测网络，研发改进作物生长模拟模型和推广气候智能型农业，有效地保障了农业气象服务的效率和效益，并推动了农业的绿色可持续发展。这些经验对于促进我国农业气象服务发展具有重要的借鉴意义，能够为推动我国农业气象服务高质量发展提供一定的参考。

Abstract: In recent years, the negative impact of climate change has had a tangible effect on agricultural production. Various countries have taken systematic measures to better cope with the challenges of climate change, ensuring national food security and sustainable agricultural development. To this end, this article uses the PEST model to systematically analyze the latest developments and successful experiences in the development of agricultural meteorological services in developed countries and countries with agricultural characteristics such as the United States, Europe, and Israel. The conclusions are as follows: 1) Politically, these countries provide strong policy support and legal protection by improving the legal system and optimizing policies; 2) Economically, they provide sufficient financial protection for the vigorous promotion of agricultural meteorological services and agricultural practitioners to deal with meteorological disasters through agricultural meteorological funding support and agricultural meteorological insurance; 3) Socially, by creating a series of free, shared, high-quality agricultural meteorological information service products and emphasizing agricultural education, they have expanded the influence of agricultural meteorological services and improved the quality of agricultural practitioners; 4) Technologically, by establishing a perfect agricultural meteorological observation network, developing improved crop growth simulation models, and promoting climate-smart agriculture, they effectively safeguard the effectiveness and benefits of agricultural meteorological services and promote the green sustainable development of agriculture. These experiences have important implications for the development of agricultural meteorological services in China and can provide certain guidance for the faster and better development of agricultural meteorological services in China.