贵阳城区气温日变化特征及其季节差异分析

Diurnal Temperature Variations Characteristics of Urban Areas in Guiyang and Its Seasonal Difference

摘要: 基于贵阳国家气象观测站2011~2022年逐小时气温观测资料，分析了贵阳城区气温的日变化规律及季节差异特征。结果表明：贵阳城区日最高气温集中出现在15~16时，最低温度出现在06~08时。夏季日最低气温出现时间最早为06时，冬季出现时间最晚为08时，温度日变化的特征有明显的季节差异；日最高(低)气温出现率都存在“双峰”型结构，最高气温出现时间一年四季均较为集中，而最低气温出现时间在夏季最为集中，其余季节均较为分散。贵阳城区1 h最大正(负)变温时间集中在10~13时(18~20时)，升温和降温过程具有不对称性特征，升温比降温过程缓慢，最强变温过程发生在3 h以内；春季、夏季和秋季变温幅度较大，而冬季最小；最大正变温出现时间在冬季最为集中，夏季最为分散，而最大负变温出现时间在各月间的差异较大。

Abstract: Based on hourly temperature datasets of Guiyang national ground meteorological observation stations from 2011 to 2022, the characteristics of diurnal temperature variations and seasonal differences over urban areas in Guiyang were analyzed. The results show as follows: The maximum high temperature in urban areas of Guiyang is concentrated on 15~16 o’clock, while the minimum low temperature at 06~08 o’clock in the daily cycle. In all seasons, the daily minimum temperature appears earliest at 06:00 in summer and the latest at 08:00 in winter. The diurnal temperature variations characteristics change obviously with the season. The occurrence of both daily maximum and minimum temperature exhibited “double-peak” structure. For the maximum high temperature, the emergence time is relatively concentrated throughout the year, while the emergence times of the minimum low temperature is centralized in summer but dispersive in other seasons. The one-hour maximum positive (negative) temperature change time over urban areas in Guiyang is concentrated on 10 to 13 o’clock (18 to 20 o’clock). The temperature rising and cooling changes are asymmetric, and the temperature rising changes more slowly than the temperature cooling. Analyses of the temperature change rate in different time intervals showed that the sharpest change takes place in three hours. The temperature change range is larger in spring, summer and autumn, and the smallest in winter. The probability distribution analysis of the occurrence time of the maximum temperature change shows that the time at which the maximum positive temperature appears is the most concentrated in winter but the most dispersive in summer. However, the time at which the maximum negative temperature appears exhibit significant difference in each month.