注意缺陷多动障碍综述

A Review of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

摘要: 注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD)是一种高度遗传的神经发育障碍疾病，以注意力不集中、冲动、多动、学习困难为主要症状，影响全球8%~12%的儿童。文章旨在全面探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)，该障碍的核心特征包括注意力分散和多动冲动倾向，其中注意力分散常常与过度的身体活动相伴随。在深入研究和参考前人文献的基础上，文章将综述ADHD的发病机制、其多样性的临床表现、病程的演变与预后趋势、准确的诊断与分类方法、必要的鉴别诊断以及当前有效的治疗策略。文章旨在为未来的研究学者提供有价值的参考和指导。

Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly hereditary neurodevelopmental disorder with inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and learning difficulties as the main symptoms, affecting 8%~12% of children worldwide. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is characterized by distraction and hyperactivity-impulsive tendencies, in which distraction is often associated with excessive physical activity. On the basis of in-depth research and reference to previous literature, we will review the pathogenesis of ADHD, its diversity of clinical manifestations, the evolution and prognostic trend of the disease course, accurate diagnosis and classification methods, necessary differential diagnosis, and current effective treatment strategies. This paper aims to provide valuable reference and guidance for future research scholars.