摘要:
近年来许多研究指出，人类长期使用的药物如抗生素或止痛剂等医疗药品，无法经由污水处理厂而完全分解消失，当这些药物进入环境中时将可能具有生物毒性，并对生态环境系统造成冲击。为了解人类常用止痛剂—布洛芬(ibuprofen, IBU)及乙酰胺酚(acetaminophen, ACE)残留于水体后对水生生物可能的影响。本研究应用多齿新米虾(Neocaridina denticulate，后简称米虾)进行0.1、1和5 mg/L的IBU及ACE不同浓度的曝露。并于曝露后1、4及7天，并测定米虾体内解毒酵素的活性(monooxygenase, Mon)及glutathione-S-transferase, GST)与肝胰脏受损指标(glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, GOT)及(glutamic pyruvic transaminase, GPT)。试验结果显示，米虾曝露IBU及ACE后1，4及7天，各处理组间Mon活性并无明显高于对照组(37.8 ± 9.1 ΔA650 mm/30 min/mg)，GST活性在曝露5 mg/L的IBU及ACE处理组中有明显上升的趋势；5 mg/L IBU处理组在7天时GOT及GPT有上升的情况，代表IBU可能米虾的肝胰脏造成影响。综合实验结果，止痛剂IBU及ACE等药物于水体中残留时，不但会诱发米虾的解毒机制，甚至可能造成肝胰脏的发炎的现象。初步结果显示，止痛剂IBU及ACE等药物残留于水体中确实会对水生生物生理上的影响，此等问题势必会成为环境生态重要议题之一。
The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug—ibuprofen (IBU) and acetaminophen (ACE) are common drug residues in water environment because they cannot be degraded completely in treatment industry. They could be potentially affect non-target aquatic organisms when they are input into an aquatic system. To investigate the impact of IBU and ACE on aquatic system, in this study, on day 1, 4 and 7 after Neocaridina denticulate exposed to either IBU (0, 0.1, 1, and 5.0 mg·L–1) or ACE (0, 0.1, 1 and 5.0 mg·L–1), four biochemical parameters were determined in the hepatopancreas, including the activities of monooxygenase (Mon) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), the concentrations of hematopancrease-associated glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT). After treatment in1, 4 and 7 days, all treatment groups of the Mon activity were higher than control group (37.8 ± 9.1 ΔA650mm/30 min/mg). The GST activity were significantly increased then control group in IBU and ACE group treated with 5 mg/L after expose 7 days. The concentrations of GOT and GPT was increased the control group in exposure 7 day. These results suggest that the detoxification may be initiated when the both drug residues in aquatic environment, and the IBU has deleterious effects on the aquatic organisms. Therefore, the risk of drug residues at water ecology will be an important environmental issue.