肠–眼轴：眼科疾病防治的新途径

Gut-Eye Axis: A New Approach for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmic Diseases

摘要: 肠道微生物群对于宿主的健康起着十分重要的作用，其结构复杂，功能多样，并且与不同疾病的各种病理通路有关，故而受到了广泛的研究。近期，越来越多的研究结果表明，肠道微生物群与眼部健康之间存在着重要的关联，肠–眼轴这一概念也随之兴起。本综述基于PubMed、中国知网、万方数据库、维普网上以“肠–眼轴”为主题的论文，研究了已发表的关于肠道微生物群与眼部发病之间关系的研究结果，阐述并总结肠–眼轴的存在参与了一些眼部疾病的发病机制，包括青光眼、高度近视、干眼症、自身免疫性葡萄膜炎、年龄相关性黄斑变性、糖尿病视网膜病变、细菌性角膜炎。了解肠道微生物群与上述眼部疾病之间的联系，有助于开发新的治疗方法，例如益生菌、益生元或粪便微生物群移植。总之，肠–眼轴为眼科疾病的研究和防治提供了新的视角和方向。

Abstract: The gut microbiota plays a very important role in the health of the host. It has a complex structure and diverse functions and is related to various pathological pathways of different diseases, so it has received extensive research. Recently, more and more research results have shown that there is an important correlation between the gut microbiota and eye health, and the concept of the gut-eye axis has also emerged. This review is based on papers on “gut-eye axis” in PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang Database, and VIP database. It studies the published research results on the relationship between the gut microbiota and the onset of eye diseases, and expounds and summarizes that the existence of the gut-eye axis is involved in the pathogenesis of some eye diseases, including glaucoma, high myopia, dry eye, autoimmune uveitis, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, bacterial keratitis. Understanding the connection between the gut microbiota and the above eye diseases will help develop new treatment methods, such as probiotics, prebiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation. In short, the gut-eye axis provides a new perspective and direction for the research and prevention of ophthalmic diseases.