岩藻多糖抗幽门螺杆菌作用的研究进展

Research Progress on the Anti-Helicobacter pylori Effect of Fucoidan

摘要: 幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, Hp)被世界卫生组织(WHO)认定为I类致癌因子，全球Hp感染率高达40%。目前根除Hp的治疗方案是基于抑酸剂和抗生素的组合。但由于广泛和/或滥用抗生素，部分Hp菌株产生了抗生素耐药性，导致治疗失败。Hp通过其多种致病因子在胃粘膜中生存和定植，致病靶点多样化。近年来，开发可替代、有效且无害的根除或清除Hp物质成为研究热点。岩藻多糖因其具有抗黏附、抗氧化、抗毒性、免疫调节、抗凝血和抗感染等多种生物活性，显示出潜在的抗Hp作用。现有研究表明，岩藻多糖抗Hp的机制主要包括：阻止粘附定植于胃粘膜、直接或间接减轻胃粘膜炎症、减轻氧化应激及改善肠道微生态等。本综述将总结当前关于岩藻多糖抗Hp作用机制的研究进展，并探讨其在Hp根除治疗中的应用前景。

Abstract: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) has been classified as a Group I carcinogen by the World Health Organization (WHO), with a global infection rate reaching 40%. Currently, the standard treatment for eradicating Hp is based on a combination of acid suppressants and antibiotics. However, due to the widespread and/or improper use of antibiotics, some Hp strains have developed antibiotic resistance, often leading to treatment failure. Hp possesses a variety of pathogenic factors that allow it to survive and colonize the gastric mucosa, resulting in diverse pathogenic targets. In recent years, the development of alternative, effective, and harmless substances for the eradication or clearance of Hp has become a research hotspot. Fucoidan, with its multiple biological activities including anti-adhesion, antioxidant, antitoxic, immunomodulatory, anticoagulant, and anti-infection properties, has shown potential anti-Hp effects. Current research indicates that the mechanisms by which fucoidan exerts its anti-Hp effects include preventing adhesion and colonization on the gastric mucosa, directly or indirectly reducing gastric mucosal inflammation, alleviating oxidative stress, and improving gut microbiota. This review will summarize the current research progress on the mechanisms by which fucoidan exerts its anti-Helicobacter pylori effects and explore its potential application in Hp eradication therapy.