青少年自伤行为的预测性因素

Predictive Factors of Adolescent Self Injury Behavior

摘要: 自伤行为，指的是个体在没有自杀意图时，主动实施的直接或间接伤害自己身体组织的行为。单从一次自伤行为来看，并不会对个体造成致命性创伤，危害程度并不高，但是发展成惯性行为，长期的自伤行为所带来的身心负荷不断累加，可能会扩大其影响范围，会对个体甚至对社会产生不良后果。近些年来，从调查结果来看，国内青少年自伤比例达到了36%，远高于西方，并且该数值有不断提升的趋向。因此，我们应该不断加深对该方面的探索和研究，寻找改善现在所处情境的方法和道路。通过对国内外文献的查阅分析，发现对青少年自我伤害行为具有预测作用的因素主要集中于生理、心理和社会三方面。这三个方面过于宏观，那么从这三个方面出发，进一步探索，寻找其中更具有影响力的主要因素，换句话说，将这三个方面进一步细分，本文重点关注于个体的神经生理机制，心理中的强化敏感性，社会因素中的亲子关系和家庭教育对青少年自伤行为的预测作用。并对这几个预测因素的概念与其内在机制做出解释。通过这几个预测因素进一步对青少年自伤行为的预防和控制提出自己的建议，但仍然有很多问题值得进一步探讨。未来研究可以考虑对自伤不同方式进行分类、不同自伤行为类型的预测性因素是否不同等。

Abstract: Self injuring behavior refers to the behavior that an individual actively damages his or her own body tissues directly or indirectly when he or she has no suicide intention. From the point of view of a single self injuring behavior, it will not cause fatal trauma to individuals, and the degree of harm is not high, but it develops into inertial behavior, the physical and mental load brought by long-term self injuring behavior will continue to accumulate, which may expand its scope of influence, and will have adverse consequences for individuals and even society. In recent years, according to the survey results, the proportion of self injury among young people in China has reached 36%, which is far higher than that in the West, and the number tends to increase. Therefore, we should continue to deepen the exploration and research in this area and find ways and means to improve the current situation. Through the review and analysis of domestic and foreign literature, it is found that the factors that can predict the self injurious behavior of adolescents mainly focus on the physiological, psychological and social aspects. These three aspects are too macro, so from these three aspects, we should further explore and find the main factors that are more influential. In other words, we should further subdivide these three aspects. This paper focuses on the individual’s neurophysiological mechanism, the strengthening sensitivity in psychology, the parent-child relationship in social factors and the predictive role of family education in adolescent self injuring behavior. And explain the concept and internal mechanism of these prediction factors. Through these predictors, we further put forward our own suggestions on the prevention and control of juvenile self injury behavior, but there are still many problems worth further discussion. Future research can consider the classification of different ways of self injury, and whether the predictive factors of different types of self injury behaviors are different.