上前牙区牙槽骨厚度影响因素研究进展

Research Progress on Influencing Factors of Alveolar Bone Thickness in the Maxillary Anterior Region

摘要: 在正畸治疗方案的制定过程中，无论采用何种矫治技术，目标位的确定必须充分考虑个体的牙移动生物学限制。牙槽骨的厚度在一定程度上决定了正畸牙齿移动的限度，超过这一限度可能导致牙周支持组织损伤，严重时甚至引发骨开窗、骨开裂、牙龈萎缩等并发症。因此，在制定正畸治疗方案时，应特别关注唇颊/舌腭侧牙槽骨厚度，尤其是在进行上前牙大量移动时，需对上颌前牙牙槽骨厚度进行全面评估。上前牙区牙槽骨厚度可能受性别、年龄、咀嚼功能与垂直骨面型、矢状骨面型与前牙倾斜度、牙龈表型、地理环境与种族、鼻腭管、牙周炎等多种因素的影响。本文旨在综述上前牙区牙槽骨厚度影响因素的研究进展，以期为临床实践提供参考。

Abstract: In the formulation of orthodontic treatment plans, regardless of the type of corrective technique employed, the determination of the target position must take into full consideration the individual biological limitations of tooth movement. The thickness of the alveolar bone largely dictates the extent of orthodontic tooth movement; exceeding this limit may result in damage to the periodontal supporting tissues, potentially leading to complications such as bone fenestration, bone fractures, and gingival recession in severe cases. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the buccal/lingual alveolar bone thickness when developing orthodontic treatment plans, particularly during significant movements of the anterior teeth, necessitating a comprehensive assessment of the alveolar bone thickness in the maxillary anterior region. The alveolar bone thickness in this area may be influenced by various factors, including gender, age, masticatory function, vertical and sagittal skeletal patterns, inclination of the anterior teeth, gingival phenotype, geographic environment and ethnicity, nasopalatine canal, and periodontal disease. This paper aims to review the research progress on the factors affecting the alveolar bone thickness in the maxillary anterior region, with the intention of providing clinical references.