眼科专业学位研究生手术技能培训模式探讨

Exploration of Surgical Skills Training Model for Ophthalmology Professional Degree Graduate Students

摘要: 眼科专业学位研究生在读期间的重要学习内容之一是临床医生的培训，其中手术技能的培训是极其重要的一环。从对手术全无经验到掌握外科手术的基本操作，再到掌握眼科手术的显微操作技巧，从外科基础操作零起点至显微手术技术掌握的技术跨度显著，要求在有限培养周期内建立科学系统的训练体系。这一过程需指导教师依据分层教育理论，实施个体化教学策略，遵循渐进性发展规律，以外眼手术操作作为起点，结合模拟训练平台与临床实践，构建多维能力培养框架。因人施教，循序渐进、外眼开始、模拟演练、实践为主。具体手术细节常见顺序是：眼睑缝合–眼睑小肿物手术–显微镜下动物眼角膜缝合–球结膜缝合–角膜裂伤缝合–翼状胬肉手术–人工晶体的植入仓安装–人工晶体植入后的前表面粘弹剂清除–灌注/抽吸的后半部分–球后注射–玻璃体腔药物注射–玻璃体切除术的三通道穿刺–其他显微手术步骤。在循序渐进的大模式下，制定并执行个性化的小模式，以取得事半功倍的培训效果。

Abstract: An important learning content for graduate students majoring in ophthalmology during their studies is the training of clinical doctors, among which surgical skills training is an extremely important part. It is not easy to go from having no experience in surgery to mastering the basic operations of surgery, and then to mastering the micro operation skills of ophthalmic surgery in a short period of time. This requires guidance teachers to teach graduate students surgical skills according to their individual needs, gradually progressing, starting with external eye surgery, simulating exercises, and focusing on practice. The general sequence of specific surgical details is: eyelid suturing - eyelid small tumor surgery - microscopic animal corneal suturing - conjunctival suturing - corneal laceration suturing - pterygium surgery - installation of intraocular lens implantation chamber - removal of front surface viscoelastic agent after intraocular lens implantation - posterior part of infusion/aspiration - retrobulbar injection - intravitreal drug injection – three-channel puncture for vitrectomy - other microsurgical steps. We propose to develop and implement personalized micro strategies within a structured, framework to achieve amplified training outcomes with optimized effort.