基于稳定同位素技术的青藏高原区典型湖泊水量平衡模拟研究
Simulating the Water Balance of Typical Lake in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Region Based on Stable Isotopic Technique
摘要: 青藏高原拥有众多湖泊，受全球气候变暖的影响，这些湖泊的水量出现了显著的波动。同位素示踪技术为研究湖泊水量平衡变化的内在机理提供了新的方法。本文选取青藏高原典型湖泊为研究对象，根据前人在当地测定的同位素水样，有效利用稳定同位素估算了青藏高原典型湖泊的入湖水稳定同位素(δI)与蒸发入流比(E/I)，以探索青藏高原典型湖泊的水文特征。结果显示，青藏高原典型冰川补给型湖泊与非冰川补给型湖泊的湖水稳定同位素值、湖水过量氘值以及δI值均表现出较大的差异，这可能与流域特性有关，如流域面积、海拔和湖水补给方式等。青藏高原部分非冰川补给型湖泊的E/I值大于1，表明这些湖泊水量平衡由蒸发主导，符合其湖面呈萎缩的趋势；而冰川补给型湖泊和部分非冰川补给型的E/I值均小于1，则表明这些湖泊水量平衡由入流主导，符合其湖面呈扩张的趋势。
Abstract: Many lakes are located on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, and as a result of global warming, these lake water levels have fluctuated significantly. The technology of isotope tracing provides a novel method for investigating the underlying mechanisms of variations in lake water balance. This paper selects typical lakes on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau as research subjects, using isotopic water samples measured by previous researchers in the area. It effectively utilizes stable isotopes to estimate the lake water stable isotopes (δI) and the evaporation inflow ratio (E/I) of typical lakes on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, aiming to explore the hydrological characteristics of these lakes. The results indicate that the stable isotope values of lake water, the d-excess values, and the δI values of typical glacier-fed lakes significantly differ from those of non-glacier-fed lakes on the e Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. This difference is likely related to the characteristics of the basin, such as basin area, altitude, and the mode of lake water replenishment. For some non-glacier-fed lakes on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, the E/I value is greater than 1, suggesting that the water balance of these lakes is dominated by evaporation, consistent with the trend of shrinking lake surfaces. On the other hand, the E/I of glacier-fed lakes and some non-glacier-fed lakes are less than 1, indicating that the water balance of these lakes is dominated by inflow, consistent with the trend of expanding lake surfaces.
文章引用：陈梦, 占旭红. 基于稳定同位素技术的青藏高原区典型湖泊水量平衡模拟研究[J]. 环境保护前沿, 2025, 15(4): 560-568. https://doi.org/10.12677/aep.2025.154063

参考文献

[1] Liu, W., Li, X., Zhang, L., An, Z. and Xu, L. (2009) Evaluation of Oxygen Isotopes in Carbonate as an Indicator of Lake Evolution in Arid Areas: The Modern Qinghai Lake, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Chemical Geology, 268, 126-136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[2] Williamson, C.E., Saros, J.E., Vincent, W.F. and Smol, J.P. (2009) Lakes and Reservoirs as Sentinels, Integrators, and Regulators of Climate Change. Limnology and Oceanography, 54, 2273-2282. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[3] Brock, B.E., Yi, Y., Clogg-Wright, K.P., Edwards, T.W.D. and Wolfe, B.B. (2009) Multi-Year Landscape-Scale Assessment of Lakewater Balances in the Slave River Delta, NWT, Using Water Isotope Tracers. Journal of Hydrology, 379, 81-91. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[4] Wu, H., Li, X., He, B., Li, J., Xiao, X., Liu, L., et al. (2017) Characterizing the Qinghai Lake Watershed Using Oxygen-18 and Deuterium Stable Isotopes. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 43, 33-42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[5] Jasechko, S., Gibson, J.J. and Edwards, T.W.D. (2014) Stable Isotope Mass Balance of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 40, 336-346. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[6] Wang, Y., Du, R., Cao, X., Yu, H., Xu, Y., Yu, Y., et al. (2023) Evaporation Dominates the Loss of Plateau Lake in Southwest China Using Water Isotope Balance Assessment. Science of the Total Environment, 873, Article 162415. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] 徐敬争. 湖水同位素组分的时空变化特征及其在湖面蒸发计算中的应用[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 南京: 南京信息工程大学, 2016.
[8] Yuan, F., Sheng, Y., Yao, T., Fan, C., Li, J., Zhao, H., et al. (2011) Evaporative Enrichment of Oxygen-18 and Deuterium in Lake Waters on the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Paleolimnology, 46, 291-307. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[9] 张国庆. 青藏高原湖泊变化遥感监测及其对气候变化的响应研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(2): 214-223.
[10] Vystavna, Y., Harjung, A., Monteiro, L.R., Matiatos, I. and Wassenaar, L.I. (2021) Stable Isotopes in Global Lakes Integrate Catchment and Climatic Controls on Evaporation. Nature Communications, 12, Article No. 7224. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] Dansgaard, W. (1964) Stable Isotopes in Precipitation. Tellus, 16, 436-468. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[12] Gat, J.R. and Gat, J.R. (1978) Isotope Hydrology of Inland Sabkhas in the Bardawil Area, Sinai. Limnology and Oceanography, 23, 841-850. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[13] Gibson, J.J., Aggarwal, P., Hogan, J., Kendall, C., Martinelli, L.A., Stichler, W., et al. (2002) Isotope Studies in Large River Basins: A New Global Research Focus. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 83, 613-617. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[14] Hua, M., Zhang, X., Yao, T., Luo, Z., Zhou, H., Rao, Z., et al. (2019) Dual Effects of Precipitation and Evaporation on Lake Water Stable Isotope Composition in the Monsoon Region. Hydrological Processes, 33, 2192-2205. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[15] Craig, H. and Gordon, L.I. (1965) Deuterium and Oxygen 18 Variations in the Ocean and the Marine Atmosphere.
[16] Gonfiantini, R. (1986) Environmental Isotopes in Lake Studies. In: The Terrestrial Environment, B, Elsevier, 113-168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[17] Majoube, M. (1971) Fractionnement en oxygène 18 et en deutérium entre l’eau et sa vapeur. Journal de Chimie Physique, 68, 1423-1436. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[18] Gibson, J.J., Birks, S.J. and Yi, Y. (2016) Stable Isotope Mass Balance of Lakes: A Contemporary Perspective. Quaternary Science Reviews, 131, 316-328. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[19] Gibson, J.J., Birks, S.J. and Edwards, T.W.D. (2008) Global Prediction of δa and δ2h-δ18o Evaporation Slopes for Lakes and Soil Water Accounting for Seasonality. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 22, GB2031. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[20] Akers, P.D., Kopec, B.G., Klein, E.S., Bailey, H. and Welker, J.M. (2024) The Pivotal Role of Evaporation in Lake Water Isotopic Variability across Space and Time in a High Arctic Periglacial Landscape. Water Resources Research, 60, e2023WR036121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[21] Gibson, J.J. and Edwards, T.W.D. (2002) Regional Water Balance Trends and Evaporation-Transpiration Partitioning from a Stable Isotope Survey of Lakes in Northern Canada. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 16, 10-1-10-14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[22] Jin, Z.D., Zhang, F., Wang, H.L., et al. (2013) The Reasons of Rising Water Level in Lake Qinghai since 2005. Earth Environment, 4, 1355-1362.