基于卫星量化二氧化氮对中国植被生产力的影响
Satellite-Based Quantification of Nitrogen Dioxide Effects on Vegetation Productivity in China
DOI: 10.12677/aep.2025.155088, PDF,   
作者: 来文静, 徐浩威, 王佳维, 王佳莹：浙江师范大学地理与环境科学学院，浙江 金华
关键词: 空气污染；二氧化氮；卫星；NIRv；植被生产力；Air Pollution； Nitrogen Dioxide； Satellite； NIRv； Vegetation Productivity
摘要: 二氧化氮(NO2)是一种对植物有害的污染物，它通过破坏植物细胞直接影响植物的生长，并通过促进臭氧的形成间接影响植物的生长。尽管田间试验已经证实空气污染会显著影响作物生长，但由于观测数据有限，二氧化氮对不同类型植被生产力的大规模影响仍然知之甚少。在本研究中，我们采用创新方法，综合卫星观测数据，研究氮氧化物对中国植被生产力的影响。研究结果表明，NO2浓度与植被生产力之间存在较强的负相关。不同类型的植被对NO2的敏感性差异较大。其中，草原对NO2的敏感性最高，而常绿针叶林和灌木林对NO2的敏感性最低。当NO2浓度降低至第5百分位数时，农田、草原、灌木林、混交林、落叶阔叶林和常绿针叶林的生产力预计分别提高27.73%、14.71%、12.50%、4.28%、3.58%和3.21%。这些结果与野外实验的结果一致，加强了我们方法的有效性。该研究凸显了卫星观测在量化区域范围内空气污染对植被生长影响方面的潜力。
Abstract: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a phytotoxic pollutant that affects plant growth both directly, by damaging vegetation cells, and indirectly, by contributing to ozone formation. While field experiments have demonstrated the significant impact of air pollution on crop growth, the large-scale effects of NO₂ on vegetation productivity across diverse plant species remain poorly understood due to limited observational data. In this study, we investigated the influence of NO₂ on vegetation productivity across China using an innovative approach that integrates satellite-based observations. Our findings revealed a strong negative correlation between NO₂ concentrations and vegetation productivity, indicating that elevated NO₂ levels are associated with reduced plant growth. The sensitivity of vegetation types to NO₂ varied considerably, with savannas being the most sensitive and evergreen needleleaf forests and shrublands the least. Specifically, reductions in NO₂ concentrations to the 5th percentile were estimated to increase productivity by 27.73% in croplands, 14.71% in savannas, 12.50% in shrublands, 4.28% in mixed forests, 3.58% in deciduous broadleaf forests, and 3.21% in evergreen needleleaf forests. These results are consistent with those from field experiments, reinforcing the validity of our approach. This study highlights the potential of satellite observations for quantifying the effects of air pollution on vegetation growth at regional scales.
文章引用：来文静, 徐浩威, 王佳维, 王佳莹. 基于卫星量化二氧化氮对中国植被生产力的影响[J]. 环境保护前沿, 2025, 15(5): 779-789. https://doi.org/10.12677/aep.2025.155088

参考文献

[1] Zhao, Z., Lu, Y., Zhan, Y., Cheng, Y., Yang, F., Brook, J.R., et al. (2023) Long-Term Spatiotemporal Variations in Surface NO2 for Beijing Reconstructed from Surface Data and Satellite Retrievals. Science of The Total Environment, 904, Article 166693. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[2] Sheng, Q. and Zhu, Z. (2019) Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide on Biochemical Responses in 41 Garden Plants. Plants, 8, Article 45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[3] Emberson, L.D., Ashmore, M.R., Murray, F., Kuylenstierna, J.C.I., Percy, K.E., Izuta, T., et al. (2001) Impacts of Air Pollutants on Vegetation in Developing Countries. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 130, 107-118. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[4] Hu, Y., Bellaloui, N., Tigabu, M., Wang, J., Diao, J., Wang, K., et al. (2015) Gaseous NO2 Effects on Stomatal Behavior, Photosynthesis and Respiration of Hybrid Poplar Leaves. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 37, Article No. 39. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[5] Vighi, I.L., Benitez, L.C., Amaral, M.N., Moraes, G.P., Auler, P.A., Rodrigues, G.S., et al. (2017) Functional Characterization of the Antioxidant Enzymes in Rice Plants Exposed to Salinity Stress. Biologia plantarum, 61, 540-550. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[6] Chen, B., Song, Q. and Pan, Q. (2022) Study on Transpiration Water Consumption and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Landscape Tree Species under Ozone Stress. Atmosphere, 13, Article 1139. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[7] He, L., Wei, J., Wang, Y., Shang, Q., Liu, J., Yin, Y., et al. (2022) Marked Impacts of Pollution Mitigation on Crop Yields in China. Earth’s Future, 10, e2022EF002936. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[8] Ainsworth, E.A., Yendrek, C.R., Sitch, S., Collins, W.J. and Emberson, L.D. (2012) The Effects of Tropospheric Ozone on Net Primary Productivity and Implications for Climate Change. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 63, 637-661. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[9] Long, X., Han, Y., Wang, Q.Y., Li, X.K., Feng, T., Wang, Y.C., et al. (2023) Adverse Effects of Ozone Pollution on Net Primary Productivity in the North China Plain. Geophysical Research Letters, 51, e2023GL105209. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[10] Marzuoli, R., Faoro, F., Picchi, V. and Gerosa, G.A. (2024) Phytotoxic Ozone Dose-Response Relationships for Durum Wheat (Triticum durum, Desf.). Plants, 13, Article 573. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] Hollister, R.D., Elphinstone, C., Henry, G.H.R., Bjorkman, A.D., Klanderud, K., Björk, R.G., et al. (2023) A Review of Open Top Chamber (OTC) Performance across the ITEX Network. Arctic Science, 9, 331-344. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[12] Allen, L.H., Kimball, B.A., Bunce, J.A., Yoshimoto, M., Harazono, Y., Baker, J.T., et al. (2020) Fluctuations of CO2 in Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) Depress Plant Photosynthesis, Growth, and Yield. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 284, Article 107899. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[13] Feng, Z., Xu, Y. and Shang, B. (2020) Free-Air Concentration Enrichment (FACE) Techniques, Experimental Approach and Its Application in the Field of Global Change Ecology: A Review. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 44, 340-349. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[14] Knopf, O., Castro, A., Bendig, J., Pude, R., Kleist, E., Poorter, H., et al. (2024) Field Phenotyping of Ten Wheat Cultivars under Elevated CO2 Shows Seasonal Differences in Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Plant Height and Vegetation Indices. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, Article 1304751. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Zhang, Z., Xiong, J., Fan, M., Tao, M., Wang, Q. and Bai, Y. (2023) Satellite-Observed Vegetation Responses to Aerosols Variability. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 329, Article 109278. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[16] Chen, X., Gao, J., Chen, L., Khanna, M., Gong, B. and Auffhammer, M. (2023) The Spatiotemporal Pattern of Surface Ozone and Its Impact on Agricultural Productivity in China. PNAS Nexus, 3, pgad435. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[17] Lobell, D.B., Di Tommaso, S. and Burney, J.A. (2022) Globally Ubiquitous Negative Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide on Crop Growth. Science Advances, 8, eabm9909. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[18] Cersosimo, A., Serio, C. and Masiello, G. (2020) TROPOMI NO2 Tropospheric Column Data: Regridding to 1 Km Grid-Resolution and Assessment of Their Consistency with in Situ Surface Observations. Remote Sensing, 12, Article 2212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[19] Ma, Y., Yue, X., Sitch, S., Unger, N., Uddling, J., Mercado, L.M., et al. (2023) Implementation of Trait-Based Ozone Plant Sensitivity in the Yale Interactive Terrestrial Biosphere Model V1.0 to Assess Global Vegetation Damage. Geoscientific Model Development, 16, 2261-2276. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[20] Henry, C., John, G.P., Pan, R., Bartlett, M.K., Fletcher, L.R., Scoffoni, C., et al. (2019) A Stomatal Safety-Efficiency Trade-off Constrains Responses to Leaf Dehydration. Nature Communications, 10, Article No. 3398. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Knoke, T., Ammer, C., Stimm, B. and Mosandl, R. (2008) Admixing Broadleaved to Coniferous Tree Species: A Review on Yield, Ecological Stability and Economics. European Journal of Forest Research, 127, 89-101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[22] Gopalakrishnan, V., Hirabayashi, S., Ziv, G. and Bakshi, B.R. (2018) Air Quality and Human Health Impacts of Grasslands and Shrublands in the United States. Atmospheric Environment, 182, 193-199. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[23] Felzer, B.S., Cronin, T., Reilly, J.M., Melillo, J.M. and Wang, X. (2007) Impacts of Ozone on Trees and Crops. Comptes Rendus. Géoscience, 339, 784-798. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[24] Agyei, T., Juráň, S., Edwards-Jonášová, M., Fischer, M., Švik, M., Komínková, K., et al. (2021) The Influence of Ozone on Net Ecosystem Production of a Ryegrass-Clover Mixture under Field Conditions. Atmosphere, 12, Article 1629. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[25] Dong, C., Gao, R., Zhang, X., Li, H., Wang, W. and Xue, L. (2021) Assessment of O3-Induced Crop Yield Losses in Northern China during 2013-2018 Using High-Resolution Air Quality Reanalysis Data. Atmospheric Environment, 259, Article 118527. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[26] Feng, Z., Xu, Y., Kobayashi, K., Dai, L., Zhang, T., Agathokleous, E., et al. (2022) Ozone Pollution Threatens the Production of Major Staple Crops in East Asia. Nature Food, 3, 47-56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Yu, L., Zhang, M., Wang, L., Qin, W., Lu, Y. and Li, J. (2020) Clear-Sky Solar Radiation Changes over Arid and Semi-Arid Areas in China and Their Determining Factors during 2001-2015. Atmospheric Environment, 223, Article 117198. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[28] Wang, K., Dickinson, R.E. and Liang, S. (2009) Clear Sky Visibility Has Decreased over Land Globally from 1973 to 2007. Science, 323, 1468-1470. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] Ramanathan, V., Crutzen, P.J., Kiehl, J.T. and Rosenfeld, D. (2001) Aerosols, Climate, and the Hydrological Cycle. Science, 294, 2119-2124. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] Wang, X., Wu, J., Chen, M., Xu, X., Wang, Z., Wang, B., et al. (2018) Field Evidences for the Positive Effects of Aerosols on Tree Growth. Global Change Biology, 24, 4983-4992. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]