原发性骨质疏松症的中医认识及治疗

Understanding and Treatment of Primary Osteoporosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine

摘要: 骨质疏松症(osteoporosis, OP)是一种以骨量减少、骨骼微结构退化为特征的全身性骨病，发病率高且对健康构成重大威胁，尤其在老龄化日益加剧的背景下，其发病率不断上升。中医学认为，骨质疏松的核心病机在于肾精亏虚，可归属于“骨痿”“骨枯”等病证范畴。基于“肾主骨生髓”理论，中医治疗以补肾益精为主，辅以辨证施治，注重整体调理。在治疗方面，中医药表现出显著优势。单味中药如淫羊藿、巴戟天等通过多通路、多靶点调节骨代谢；中药复方如左归丸、金匮肾气丸等，通过药物协同作用改善骨密度和微结构；针灸、艾灸及穴位埋线等中医特色外治法，结合太极拳、易筋经等传统功法锻炼，促进骨骼健康并有效缓解病情。中医药治疗以副作用少、安全性高及长期使用的特点受到认可。中医药在骨质疏松症的防治中展现了广阔前景，与现代医学相辅相成，为患者提供了综合治疗策略，有助于推动中医药在慢性病领域的持续发展。

Abstract: Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and degeneration of bone microstructure. It has a high incidence rate and poses a significant threat to health. Especially against the backdrop of an increasingly aging population, its incidence rate keeps rising. According to traditional Chinese medicine, the core pathogenesis of osteoporosis lies in the deficiency of kidney essence, which can be classified into the categories of diseases such as “bone atrophy” and “bone dryness”. Based on the theory that “the kidney governs the bones and generates marrow”, traditional Chinese medicine treatment mainly focuses on tonifying the kidney and enriching essence, supplemented by syndrome differentiation and treatment, and emphasizes overall conditioning. In terms of treatment, traditional Chinese medicine shows significant advantages. Single traditional Chinese medicines such as Epimedium and Morinda officinalis regulate bone metabolism through multiple pathways and targets. Traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions such as Zuogui Pills and Jinkui Shenqi Pills improve bone density and microstructure through the synergistic effect of drugs. Traditional Chinese medicine external treatment methods such as acupuncture, moxibustion and acupoint embedding, combined with traditional exercises like Tai Chi and Yijin Jing, promote bone health and effectively alleviate the condition. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment is recognized for its characteristics of few side effects, high safety and long-term use. Traditional Chinese medicine has shown broad prospects in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, complementing modern medicine and providing patients with comprehensive treatment strategies, which is conducive to promoting the continuous development of traditional Chinese medicine in the field of chronic diseases.