成语中嗅觉经验的概念化——以“香”为例

Conceptualization of Olfactory Experience in Chinese Four Character Idioms—Taking “Fragrance” as an Example

摘要: 语言体认观认为，语言通过身体与世界有直接的联系。感知和认知是意义建构的两个重要参数。人的嗅觉神经系统与物质世界中的嗅觉对象相互作用获得嗅觉经验。成语是人类经验的一种特殊的语言表征，也是一个民族文化的结晶。描述嗅觉经验“香”的成语通常运用嗅觉对象指称香气，可以分为两类，芳香植物和芳香制品。嗅觉经验“香”的概念化方式不仅基于对外部世界的直接体验，而且依赖于相互交织的复杂认知过程。香与散发香气的物体或人之间存在转喻关系，与其他概念之间存在隐喻关系。此类成语从地域文化、宗教文化和宗族文化三方面反映了丰富的中国文化。

Abstract: Embodiment perspective on language holds that language has direct connection to the world via body. Both perception and cognition are two important parameters in meaning constructions. Olfactory experience is gained through the interaction between human olfactory neural systems and olfactory objects in the material world. Idiom is a special kind of linguistic representation of human experience and also the crystallization of a national culture. Four-character Chinese idioms describing the olfactory experience “fragrance” usually use olfactory objects to refer to fragrance, which can be divided into two categories, aromatic plants and aromatic products. The way the olfactory experience of fragrance is conceptualized is not only based on direct experience of the external world, but also on intertwined cognitive processes. There is a metonymic relationship between fragrance and objects or people that emit it, and a metaphorical relationship with other concepts. These idioms reflect the richness of Chinese culture in terms of regional culture, religious culture and clan culture.