中药治疗MASLD药效物质筛选与辨识的研究进展

Research Progress on Screening and Identification of Pharmacologically Active Substances in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of MASLD

摘要: 代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(MASLD)是全球最常见的慢性肝病，其高患病率和复杂病理机制对公共卫生构成重大挑战。中药凭借多成分、多靶点、多通路的特性，在MASLD治疗中展现出独特优势，但其药效物质基础和作用机制的阐明因成分复杂性而面临困难。本文系统综述了近年来中药治疗MASLD药效物质筛选与辨识的研究进展，不仅阐述了生物活性追踪法、谱效关系分析、亲和色谱筛选、体内过程研究、多组学技术及网络药理学分析，等多种方法的原理与应用，更对其优缺点、适用范围及局限性进行了比较与深入评估，旨在为研究者选择合适策略提供指导。本文同时探讨了如何结合中药整体观与配伍理论优化筛选策略，以期更好地揭示复方药效物质及其协同机制。此外，展望了超分子荧光探针、分子互作表征技术、微流控与类器官技术等前沿技术在未来研究中的应用潜力。这些方法结合现代分析技术与系统生物学手段，显著提升了药效物质筛选的效率与精准性，为揭示中药治疗MASLD的作用机制、发现候选药物及推动中药现代化提供了重要参考。

Abstract: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease globally, posing a significant public health challenge due to its high prevalence and complex pathological mechanisms. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with its characteristics of multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways, demonstrates unique advantages in the treatment of MASLD. However, the elucidation of its pharmacologically active substances and mechanisms of action faces difficulties due to the complexity of its components. This article systematically reviews the research progress in screening and identifying the pharmacologically active substances of TCM for treating MASLD in recent years. It not only elaborates on the principles and applications of various methods such as bioactivity-guided isolation, spectrum-effect relationship analysis, affinity chromatography screening, in vivo process studies, multi-omics technologies, and network pharmacology analysis, but also compares and deeply evaluates their advantages, disadvantages, scope of application, and limitations, aiming to provide guidance for researchers to select appropriate strategies. This article also discusses how to combine the holistic view and compatibility theory of TCM to optimize screening strategies, in order to better reveal the pharmacologically active substances of compound prescriptions and their synergistic mechanisms. Furthermore, it looks forward to the application potential of cutting-edge technologies such as supramolecular fluorescent probes, molecular interaction characterization techniques, microfluidics, and organoid technology in future research. These methods, combined with modern analytical techniques and systems biology approaches, have significantly improved the efficiency and accuracy of screening pharmacologically active substances, providing important references for revealing the mechanisms of TCM in treating MASLD, discovering candidate drugs, and promoting the modernization of TCM.