算法推荐场景下消费者知情权的法律困境与规制分析——从数字平台治理若干案例出发的探讨

Legal Dilemmas and Institutional Analysis of Consumers’ Right to Know in Algorithmic Recommendation Scenarios—An Exploration Based on Selected Cases of Digital Platform Governance

摘要: 在算法广泛嵌入平台经营机制的背景下，消费者知情权的实现面临法律适应性与规范完善的现实困境。现行《消费者权益保护法》《个人信息保护法》《电子商务法》等规范虽为知情权提供初步制度支撑，但在算法推荐主导的数字环境中，存在立法滞后、规则模糊与执行机制不明等问题，导致消费者在面对数据收集、处理与个性化推送行为时，权利难以得到有效落实。本文从法律规范的局限性入手，系统梳理现阶段消费者知情权保护的结构性不足，进而提出细化数据可携带权、确立算法信息披露义务、重构知情同意机制及健全监管与救济体系等制度完善路径，以推动数字消费场景下消费者权利保护机制的法治化与实效化发展。

Abstract: In the context of algorithms being widely embedded in platform operation mechanisms, the realization of consumers’ right to know faces practical difficulties in terms of legal adaptability and regulatory improvement. Although current laws such as the “Consumer Rights and Interests Protection Law”, the “Personal Information Protection Law”, and the “E-Commerce Law” provide initial institutional support for the right to know, in the digital environment dominated by algorithmic recommendations, there are problems such as legislative lag, ambiguous rules, and unclear enforcement mechanisms. This leads to consumers’ rights being difficult to be effectively implemented when facing data collection, processing, and personalized push behaviors. Starting from the limitations of legal norms, this article systematically sorts out the structural deficiencies in the protection of consumers’ right to know at the present stage, and then proposes institutional improvement paths such as refining the right to data portability, establishing the obligation to disclose algorithmic information, reconstructing the informed consent mechanism, and improving the regulatory and relief system, in order to promote the legalization and effectiveness of consumer rights protection mechanisms in digital consumption scenarios.