基于大概念与逆向教学的高中物理单元学历案设计——以《动量守恒定律》单元为例

High School Physics Unit Learning Plan Design Based on Big Concepts and Backward Teaching—Taking the Unit of “Momentum Conservation Law” as an Example

摘要: 科技的进步总是伴随着科学教育模式的不断改革与创新，用大概念指导教学的思想在教育改革中也逐渐受到重视。但在实践中发现改革推进存在一定问题，而遵循逆向教学的单元学历案正好能够有效地解决当前知识教学零散化、学习层次浅表化以及核心素养难以落实的改革困境，从而更为有力地推动教学改革的深入进行。本文通过对大概念、逆向教学、单元学历案设计与应用进行了相关研究，明晰大概念是进行单元学历案设计的理想起点。再针对高中物理《动量守恒定律》单元，提炼课程中的上位大概念“运动与相互作用观”，采用“教–评–学”的模式，基于大概念理念完成了单元学历案设计，促进学生的深度学习。本文研究致力于以较新的视角为高中物理教育提供基于大概念的单元学历案设计策略，探索出更为合适的教学思路与方法。

Abstract: Technological progress is always accompanied by continuous reform and innovation in scientific education models, and the idea of using big concepts to guide teaching is gradually gaining attention in educational reform. However, in practice, certain problems have been found in the promotion of reform, and unit learning plans that follow reverse teaching can effectively solve the current reform dilemma of fragmented knowledge teaching, superficial learning levels, and the difficulty of implementing core competencies, thereby more effectively promoting the in-depth advancement of teaching reform. This paper conducts relevant research on big concepts, reverse teaching, and the design and application of unit learning plans, clarifying that big concepts are the ideal starting point for the design of unit learning plans. Then, focusing on the high school physics unit “Law of Conservation of Momentum”, it extracts the higher-level big concept of “motion and interaction” from the curriculum, adopts the “teach-evaluate-learn” model, and completes the unit learning plan design based on the big concept idea to promote deep learning among students. This paper is committed to providing big concept-based unit learning plan design strategies for high school physics education from a relatively new perspective and exploring more appropriate teaching ideas and methods.