免疫应答在种植体周围炎中的作用及影响因素

The Role and Influencing Factors of Immune Response in Peri-Implantitis

摘要: 种植体周围炎作为口腔种植领域最常见的生物并发症，其病理进程与机体免疫应答的动态失衡密切相关。本文系统梳理2020年以来PubMed、Embase等数据库中的前沿研究，从分子、细胞及组织层面深入剖析免疫应答在种植体周围炎发生发展中的核心调控机制，探讨宿主遗传背景、种植体界面特性及全身系统性疾病等多维因素对免疫微环境的影响。研究聚焦于免疫细胞与细胞因子在炎症初始阶段的级联反应，解析NF-κB、MAPK等关键信号通路的激活机制，以及免疫应答对破骨/成骨细胞活性的双向调控作用。本综述旨在为种植体周围炎的精准防治提供理论支撑，助力提升口腔种植修复的长期临床效果。

Abstract: Peri-implantitis, as the most common biological complication in the field of oral implants, is closely related to the dynamic imbalance of the immune response in the body. This article systematically reviews the cutting-edge research in databases such as PubMed and Embase since 2020, and deeply analyzes the core regulatory mechanisms of the immune response in the occurrence and development of peri-implantitis from the molecular, cellular and tissue levels. It also explores the influence of multi-dimensional factors such as host genetic background, implant interface characteristics and systemic diseases on the immune microenvironment. The research focuses on the cascade reaction of immune cells and cytokines in the initial stage of inflammation, and analyzes the activation mechanism of key signaling pathways such as NF-κB and MAPK, as well as the bidirectional regulatory effect of the immune response on osteoclast/osteoblast activity. This review aims to provide theoretical support for the precise prevention and treatment of peri-implantitis and help improve the long-term clinical effect of oral implant restoration.