甘肃省电商农产品物流效率评估及优化路径研究

Evaluation of Agricultural Product Logistics Efficiency and Optimization Pathways in Gansu Province

摘要: 在共同富裕战略背景下，提升农产品物流效率是破解甘肃省“小农户生产–大市场衔接”低效、区域发展失衡及生态约束难题的关键路径。本文以甘肃省为研究对象，构建包含BCC模型与Malmquist指数的DEA分析体系，结合2019~2023年面板数据，从投入产出维度评估农产品物流效率，并基于效率特征提出差异化优化路径。研究发现：甘肃省农产品物流综合技术效率呈“波动提升–达标优化”特征，2021年与2023年实现帕累托最优(TE = 1.00)，技术效率与规模效率的协同适配是核心驱动因素；Malmquist指数显示全要素生产率(TFP)在技术进步与效率追赶双重作用下持续提升，2022~2023年TFP指数达1.15，反映智慧物流技术对生产前沿面的显著外推效应。研究提出四大优化路径：一是技术赋能小农户对接大市场，通过智能预处理中心、物流信息平台及冷链联盟提升数字化衔接效率；二是构建枢纽辐射型物流网络，优化冷链设施布局并强化三级节点协同；三是推动绿色技术创新与生态成本管控，推广新能源物流、光伏冷链仓及无人机配送等技术；四是建立差异化政策机制，通过分层分类政策、“政产学研用”协同及动态评估体系破解区域失衡与生态约束。研究为西北生态脆弱区农产品物流高质量发展提供了“技术–设施–政策”联动的可行范式，助力实现物流效率提升与共同富裕目标的深度融合。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the strategy for common prosperity, enhancing agricultural product logistics efficiency is a critical pathway to address the challenges of inefficient “small-farmer production-large-market integration,” regional development imbalance, and ecological constraints in Gansu Province. This study takes Gansu as its research object, constructing a DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) framework incorporating the BCC model and Malmquist index. Using panel data from 2019 to 2023, it evaluates logistics efficiency from input-output dimensions and proposes differentiated optimization pathways based on efficiency characteristics. The research finds that the comprehensive technical efficiency (TE) of agricultural product logistics in Gansu exhibits a trajectory of “fluctuating improvement-standardized optimization,” achieving Pareto optimality (TE = 1.00) in 2021 and 2023. The synergistic adaptation of technical efficiency and scale efficiency emerges as the core driving factor. The Malmquist index reveals sustained growth in total factor productivity (TFP) under the dual effects of technological progress and efficiency catch-up, with the TFP index reaching 1.15 during 2022~2023, reflecting the significant extrapolation effect of smart logistics technologies on the production frontier. Four optimization pathways are proposed: (1) Technological empowerment for small farmers to connect with large markets, enhancing digital integration efficiency through intelligent preprocessing centers, logistics information platforms, and cold chain alliances; (2) building a hub-radiating logistics network to optimize cold chain facility distribution and strengthen coordination among three-level nodes; (3) promoting green technological innovation and ecological cost management, including the adoption of new-energy logistics, photovoltaic cold chain warehouses, and drone delivery; (4) establishing differentiated policy mechanisms to address regional disparities and ecological constraints through stratified policies, “government-university-research-industry-application” collaboration, and dynamic evaluation systems. This study provides a viable “technology-facility-policy” integrated paradigm for the high-quality development of agricultural product logistics in ecologically vulnerable regions of Northwest China, facilitating deep integration between logistics efficiency enhancement and the goal of common prosperity.