四川苍溪方言语气词“哈”和“嘎”辨析

Analysis of the Modal Particles “Ha” and “Ga” in Cangxi Dialect, Sichuan Province

摘要: 本文以四川苍溪方言中的语气词“哈”和“嘎”为研究对象，对两者进行了语用功能、句类选择两方面的辨析，并利用zhTenTen软件进行了搭配验证。研究发现在表达停顿的功能上，“哈”表承接，“嘎”表转折；征询认同功能上，“哈”强调提出建议，征询受话人同意，而“嘎”强调提出说话人和受话人共有的背景信息，对受话人进行再次确认；在附和功能上，“哈”表示受话人初次接受说话人的新信息，程度较轻。“嘎”表示受话人接受说话人和自己共知的旧信息，程度较重，伴随着受话人的话语印证和进一步解释；质询和讽刺功能上，“哈”和“嘎”可以混用。在句类选择上，“嘎”主要出现在疑问句中，“哈”出现在陈述句、疑问句和祈使句中。

Abstract: This article takes the modal particles “ha” and “ga” in the Cangxi dialect of Sichuan Province as the research object, and analyzes their pragmatic functions and sentence type selection, and verifies their collocation using zhTenTen software. Research has found that in terms of the function of expressing pauses, “ha” represents continuation, and “ga” represents inflection; in terms of the function of seeking recognition, “ha” emphasizes making suggestions and seeking the consent of the listener, while “ga” emphasizes presenting common background information between the speaker and listener to reconfirm the listener; in terms of the echo function, “ha” indicates that the recipient is receiving new information from the speaker for the first time, and the degree of acceptance is relatively light. Ga “indicates that the recipient accepts old information known to both the speaker and themselves, to a greater extent, accompanied by the recipient’s discourse confirmation and further explanation; in terms of questioning and satire functions, “ha” and “ga” can be mixed. In terms of sentence type selection, “ga” mainly appears in interrogative sentences, while “ha” appears in declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, and imperative sentences.