电商零工经济中的劳动权益受损：基于外卖行业的研究

Violations of Labor Rights in the Gig Economy of E-Commerce: A Study Based on the Food Delivery Industry

摘要: 本研究聚焦电商零工经济中的劳动权益受损问题，以外卖行业为案例分析对象，揭示其依托数字平台与算法系统形成的新型机制。研究发现，外卖平台通过“智能调度系统”将劳动过程拆解为多个标准化节点，以秒级时间控制强化对骑手的剥削。劳动权益受损对骑手个体造成身心损害、职业发展停滞和生活质量下降；对行业而言，导致骑手流动率高、服务质量不稳定；在社会层面，则加剧贫富差距并引发集体维权等矛盾。文章提出完善劳动法规、优化平台算法责任、提升劳动者数字素养与组织化程度、构建多元监督网络等对策，以期推动电商零工经济向公平可持续方向转型。

Abstract: This study focuses on the issue of labor rights violations in the gig economy of e-commerce, using the food delivery industry as a case study to reveal the new mechanisms formed through digital platforms and algorithmic systems. The research finds that food delivery platforms utilize “smart dispatch systems” to break down the labor process into multiple standardized nodes, intensifying exploitation of riders through second-level time control. The erosion of labor rights causes physical and mental harm to individual riders, stalls their career development, and lowers their quality of life. For the industry, it leads to high rider turnover and unstable service quality. At the societal level, it exacerbates income inequality and triggers collective rights protection conflicts. The article proposes measures such as improving labor laws, optimizing platform algorithm accountability, enhancing workers’ digital literacy and organizational capacity, and establishing a multi-stakeholder supervision network to promote the transformation of the e-commerce gig economy toward fairness and sustainability.