数字化赋能西安鼓乐非遗会展的创新路径研究

Research on the Innovative Path of Digital Empowerment for Xi’an Drum Music Intangible Cultural Heritage Exhibition

摘要: 在全球化进程加速与文化数字化转型的双重语境下，非物质文化遗产的活态传承面临本体性价值消解与传播效能弱化的系统性挑战。本文以西安鼓乐为研究对象，通过历史文献学考据与音乐形态学分析的交叉验证，系统解构其千年传承脉络与当代发展困境。研究揭示西安鼓乐从隋唐宫廷雅乐向宋元俗乐的嬗变过程具有鲜明的历史逻辑，安史之乱引发的乐师流散打破雅乐封闭体系，促使其与民间音乐发生深度交融，形成坐乐与行乐双轨并行的演奏体系。明代戏曲艺术的渗透推动鼓乐叙事结构转型，而在清代多元文化融合背景下，竹笛主奏的复合器乐结构与《婆罗门引》等千余首唐宋曲牌的活态存续，最终形成雅俗共赏的艺术特质。这种跨越千年的艺术积淀虽为当代非遗传承提供基因密码，却面临传统谱式数字化转译困难、年轻受众接受度低等现实困境。为破解这一传承困局，文章创新性提出以专业会展为载体的现代化转化路径，构建起文化传承、教育传播与经济赋能三位一体的价值模型。文化传承维度通过数字化手段实现基因解码，运用三维建模复现唐代乐舞场景，结合动态捕捉技术解析古谱韵律，构建交互式展区展示乐器制作技艺。教育传播形成PGC、UGC与PUGC协同矩阵，以学术机构主导的乐律复原为根基，通过短视频挑战赛激活青年参与，借助艺术家联名开发沉浸式演艺项目推动创新表达。经济赋能构建“非遗 + 科技 + 文旅”融合模式，开发区块链数字藏品认证文化IP，设计鼓乐主题线路串联历史遗址与传习所，建立院校与非遗工坊的产学研机制。运营体系经历三次迭代：初创期完成资源整合，转型期形成双轨传播系统，成熟期构建产学研人才矩阵。通过差异化体验设计，青年群体在VR击鼓装置中感知传统韵律，中老年观众则通过历代乐谱手稿进行深度认知。保障机制实现政策、技术与生态三维联动，政府跨部门协作破除行政障碍，RFID技术保障展品溯源管理，校企数字实验室支撑技术转化，形成文化价值与产业效益的良性循环。研究为非遗项目提供了可复制的转型范式，通过数字化展会、沉浸体验与产业链整合的方法论体系，有效破解保护与发展的失衡难题，对文化遗产现代化治理具有重要实践意义。

Abstract: Under the dual contexts of accelerating globalization and cultural digital transformation, the living inheritance of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) faces systemic challenges, including the erosion of its intrinsic value and diminished efficacy in dissemination. This study takes Xi’an drum music as its focus, employing cross-verification between historical documentation and musical morphology analysis to deconstruct its millennium-long evolutionary trajectory and contemporary dilemmas. The research reveals that the transformation of Xi’an drum music—from the court ritual music (Yayue) of the Sui and Tang dynasties to the vernacular music of the Song and Yuan periods—follows a distinct historical logic. The An Lushan Rebellion (also known as the An Shi Rebellion), which caused the dispersal of court musicians, dismantled the closed system of Yayue and catalyzed its integration with folk music, giving rise to the dual performance system of Zuoyue (seated music) and Xingyue (processional music). During the Ming Dynasty, the influence of traditional Chinese opera reshaped drum music’s narrative structure. In the Qing Dynasty, under multicultural influences, the bamboo flute-led composite instrumental structure and the living preservation of over a thousand Tang-Song tune names, such as “Bolumen Yin,” culminated in an artistic style that bridges refined and popular tastes. Despite this millennia-spanning artistic legacy—which provides a foundational element for contemporary ICH inheritance—Xi’an drum music now confronts practical challenges, including difficulties in digitally transcribing traditional notation systems and low appeal among younger audiences. To address this inheritance dilemma, the study innovatively proposes a modern transformation pathway anchored in professional exhibitions, constructing a tripartite value model that integrates cultural preservation, educational dissemination, and economic empowerment. In the dimension of cultural preservation, genetic decoding is achieved through digital interventions: 3D modeling reconstructs Tang Dynasty music-dance performances, motion capture technology analyzes rhythmic patterns of ancient scores, and interactive exhibition zones demonstrate traditional instrument-making techniques. In educational dissemination, a synergistic matrix of PGC (Professionally Generated Content), UGC (User-Generated Content), and PUGC (Professionally-User Generated Content) is established. Grounded in academic-led restoration of ancient tonal systems, this approach activates youth engagement through short-video challenges and drives innovative reinterpretation via immersive performance projects co-created with artists. In economic empowerment, an integrated “ICH + Technology + Cultural Tourism” model is developed, featuring blockchain-certified digital collectibles to enhance cultural IP value, drum music-themed heritage routes linking historical sites with ICH workshops, and industry-academia-research collaboration mechanisms between universities and ICH practitioners. The operational framework has evolved through three phases: initial resource integration, a dual-channel dissemination system during transformation, and a mature talent ecosystem blending industry, academia, and research. Through differentiated experiential design strategies, younger audiences engage with traditional rhythms via gamified VR drumming simulators, while middle-aged and elderly audiences achieve profound cultural understanding through interactive digital exhibits of historical music manuscripts. The safeguard mechanism achieves trilateral coordination across policy, technology, and ecosystem. Cross-departmental governmental collaboration dismantles administrative barriers, while RFID technology enables traceability management of cultural exhibits. University-industry digital laboratories drive technological conversion, thereby establishing a virtuous cycle integrating cultural value with industrial-economic returns. This study proposes a replicable transformation framework for ICH projects. By employing a methodological system combining digital exhibitions, immersive experiences, and industrial chain integration, it effectively resolves the inherent tension between preservation and sustainable development. The findings offer critical insights for advancing modern governance paradigms in cultural heritage.