低强度抗阻结合血流限制训练对老年人肌肉适能、躯体功能及心血管健康的影响

The Impact of Low-Intensity Resistance Training with Blood Flow Restriction on Muscular Fitness, Physical Function, and Cardiovascular Health in Older Adults

摘要: 随着全球人口老龄化进程的持续加重，老年群体因体适能下降而面临着功能衰退与慢性病风险增加。低强度抗阻结合血流限制训练(LI-BFR)作为一种既能降低运动风险，又能有效提升老年人肌肉适能与生理功能的训练方式，受到广泛关注。然而，目前关于LI-BFR训练对老年体适能多维度影响的研究结论尚未达成共识。为优化老年运动处方提供科学依据，本研究采用系统综述方法，通过PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、中国知网、万方及维普六大数据库，运用布尔逻辑运算符构建严谨的检索策略，并纳入灰色文献进行全面检索，系统研究了LI-BFR训练对老年人肌肉适能、躯体功能及心血管健康的影响。结果表明，LI-BFR训练对老年体适能具有多维度改善效应：不仅能显著增强肌肉力量与耐力，有效提升平衡能力及身体活动独立性，长期训练还能对心血管健康起到积极调节作用，展现出良好的应用潜力。

Abstract: With the continuous aggravation of the global population aging process, the elderly group is facing functional decline and an increased risk of chronic diseases due to the decline in physical fitness. Low-intensity resistance training combined with blood flow restriction (LI-BFR), as a training method that can not only reduce the risk of exercise, but also effectively improve the muscle fitness and physiological functions of the elderly, has received extensive attention. However, current research on the multi-dimensional effects of LI-BFR training programs on older adults’ physical fitness has yielded inconsistent findings. To provide a scientific basis for optimizing exercise prescriptions for the elderly, this study employed a systematic review approach. Using Boolean logical operators, a comprehensive search strategy was developed across six major databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and VIP. Additionally, grey literature was incorporated to ensure a thorough search. The investigation systematically examined the effects of LI-BFR training on muscular fitness, physical function, and cardiovascular health among older adults. Findings revealed that LI-BFR training exerted multi-faceted benefits on older adults’ physical fitness. Specifically, LI-BFR significantly enhanced both muscular strength and endurance, improved dynamic balance capacity and functional independence, and promoted cardiovascular health through sustained training, thereby demonstrating substantial application potential.