水中运动干预膝骨关节炎的疗效评价与作用机制研究进展

Research Progress on the Therapeutic Effect Evaluation and Mechanism of Action of Aquatic Exercise Intervention for Knee Osteoarthritis

摘要: 近年来，水中运动疗法因其低冲击、减重负荷等特点，在膝骨关节炎(KOA)的非药物干预中受到广泛关注。本文基于最新的系统综述、随机对照试验及机制研究证据，综述了水中运动疗法在改善KOA患者疼痛、关节功能及生活质量等方面的疗效，并探讨其可能的作用机制。研究表明，水中运动可作为KOA康复治疗的重要补充手段，其机制主要包括减少机械负荷、调节炎症因子水平、改善神经肌肉控制和本体感觉等。同时现有研究仍存在干预方式不统一、机制证据有限等问题，未来应加强高质量临床研究和机制验证，不断促进水中运动疗法在KOA康复中的规范化应用。

Abstract: In recent years, aquatic exercise therapy has garnered wide attention as a non-pharmacological intervention for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) thanks to its low-impact, weight-relieving characteristics. Drawing on the latest systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials and mechanistic studies, this paper summarizes the evidence on how aquatic exercise alleviates pain, improves joint function and enhances quality of life in individuals with KOA, and explores its underlying mechanisms. The findings indicate that aquatic exercise can serve as a valuable adjunct to KOA rehabilitation, operating primarily by reducing mechanical loading, modulating inflammatory mediators, and boosting neuromuscular control and proprioception. Nevertheless, existing work is limited by heterogeneous protocols and scarce mechanistic data; future efforts should prioritize rigorous clinical trials and mechanistic validation to advance the standardized, evidence-based use of aquatic therapy in KOA care.