电商平台七天无理由退货权的滥用与法律规制

Abuse of the Seven-Day No-Reason Return Right on E-Commerce Platforms and Its Legal Regulation

摘要: 我国“七天无理由退货”制度在实施中面临恶意退货滥用问题，亟需平衡消费者权益与市场秩序。本文提出“主观恶意 + 客观损害”的二元判定框架，通过司法案例实证分析发现：当前治理存在认定标准不一(平台间差异率达41.3%)、举证困难等困境。对此，构建“立法–司法–平台”协同治理路径：立法上建议修订《消费者权益保护法》第25条，增设恶意退货除外条款并严格限定适用条件；司法上通过指导性案例统一“综合判断”标准，建立梯度化举证规则；平台层面推行动态信用分级与区块链存证技术。相比欧盟成本分担模式与美国刑事规制，本方案更契合我国数字经济治理需求，试点数据表明该体系可使恶意退货量下降37%且保障94%正常退货权益，为完善消费者保护制度提供新思路。

Abstract: China’s “seven-day no-reason return” policy faces challenges of malicious returns, requiring a balance between consumer rights and market order. This study proposes a dual “subjective malice + objective harm” framework, identifying systemic issues through judicial cases: inconsistent standards (41.3% disparity among platforms) and evidentiary difficulties. A tripartite governance solution is developed: legislative amendment to Article 25 of the “Consumer Rights Protection Law” with strictly defined exclusion clauses; judicial standardization via guiding cases and tiered evidence rules; platform-level dynamic credit ratings and blockchain verification. Compared to the EU’s cost-sharing model and the U.S. criminal approach, this system better aligns with China’s digital economy context, reducing malicious returns by 37% while protecting 94% legitimate claims in pilot tests, providing new insights for improving the consumer protection system.