大学生外貌焦虑研究现状及未来展望

Current Status and Future Prospects of Research on Appearance Anxiety among College Students

摘要: 文章综述了大学生外貌焦虑的相关研究。外貌焦虑是个体因自身外貌特征不满或担忧达不到社会审美标准而产生的负面情绪心理状态。文章从社会文化理论、客体化理论和社会比较理论三个方面分析了外貌焦虑的理论基础，介绍了外貌焦虑量表简版、社交外貌焦虑量表、女大学生外表管理行为量表等测量工具，并探讨了社会因素、人际关系因素和个人因素等对大学生外貌焦虑的影响。研究表明，社会文化的价值观、家庭、同伴和媒体的传播、自我身体监视、自尊水平以及外表完美主义等均与外貌焦虑密切相关。未来研究应聚焦于探索提升个体情绪调节能力、身体接纳水平及自我价值感的有效途径，以构建更全面、有效的预防和干预体系，帮助个体尤其是在青少年阶段建立积极的身体意象和健康的心理状态。

Abstract: This paper reviews relevant research on body image anxiety among college students. Body image anxiety refers to the negative emotional state experienced by individuals due to dissatisfaction with their own physical appearance or concerns about failing to meet societal aesthetic standards. This paper analyzes the theoretical foundations of body image anxiety from three perspectives: social-cultural theory, objectification theory, and social comparison theory. It introduces measurement tools such as the Brief Body Image Anxiety Scale, the Social Body Image Anxiety Scale, the Female College Students’ Body Management Behavior Scale, and the Youth Body Image Anxiety Scale, and explores the influence of social factors, interpersonal factors, and personal factors on body image anxiety among college students. Research indicates that social and cultural values, family, peer and media influences, self-body surveillance, self-esteem levels, and appearance perfectionism are all closely related to appearance anxiety. Future research should focus on exploring effective pathways to enhance individuals’ emotional regulation abilities, body acceptance levels, and self-worth, in order to establish a more comprehensive and effective prevention and intervention system, helping individuals—especially during adolescence—to develop positive body images and healthy psychological states.