桂西北有色金属矿区苔藓植物的主要类群及影响因素分析

Analysis of Main Groups and Influencing Factors of Bryophyta in Non-Ferrous Metal Mining Area of Northwest Guangxi

摘要: 本研究旨在探究桂西北有色金属矿区苔藓植物的主要类群及其分布的主要影响因素，说明苔藓植物在重金属污染环境修复中的应用潜力。通过实地调研，采集了矿区苔藓植物的常见种类，测定了苔藓植物部分优势种群及其生长基质的理化特性及Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn五种重金属元素的含量，并对苔藓植物与生长基质重金属含量的相关性进行了比较分析。结果表明：(1) 桂西北有色金属矿区已鉴定的苔藓植物共有29科52属89种，优势科为真藓科、丛藓科、羽藓科、金发藓科、木灵藓科和珠藓科，优势属为真藓属、对齿藓属、扭口藓属、泽藓属和小金发藓属，优势种为毛尖卷柏藓、黄叶凤尾藓、云南真藓和短叶对齿藓；(2) 影响桂西北有色金属矿区苔藓植物种群分布的主要因素为生长基质的理化特性和重金属污染状况；(3) 部分苔藓植物对Cd、Cu、Pb和Mn具有较强的富集能力，可作为土壤重金属污染的植物修复材料或指示生物。由此可见，苔藓植物对重金属胁迫具有较强的耐受性和一定的富集能力，部分苔藓植物在桂西北有色金属矿区土壤重金属污染生态修复中具有较大的应用潜力。

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to explore the main groups of bryophytes in the non-ferrous metal mining areas of northwest Guangxi and the main influencing factors on their distribution, and to demonstrate the potential application of bryophytes in the remediation of heavy metal-polluted environments. Through field research, common species of bryophytes in the mining area were collected, and the physicochemical properties of some dominant populations of bryophytes and their growth substrates, as well as the content of five heavy metal elements Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Mn, were determined. The correlation between bryophytes and heavy metal content in growth substrates was compared and analyzed. The results showed that: (1) There are a total of 89 species of bryophytes belonging to 52 genera in 29 families identified in the non-ferrous metal mining area of northwest Guangxi. The dominant families are Bryaceae, Pottiaceae, Thuidiaceae, Polytrichaceae, Orthotrichaceae, and Bartramiaceae; the dominant genera are Bryum, Didymodon, Barbula, Philonotis, and Pogonatum; the dominant species are Racopilum aristatum, Fissidens zippelianus, Bryum yunnanense, and Didymodon tectorum; (2) The main factors affecting the distribution of bryophyte populations in the non-ferrous metal mining areas of northwest Guangxi are the physicochemical properties of the growth substrate and heavy metal pollution status; (3) Some bryophytes have strong enrichment ability for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Mn, which can be used as phytoremediation materials or indicator organisms for soil heavy metal pollution. From this, it can be seen that bryophytes have strong tolerance and certain enrichment ability to heavy metal stress. Some bryophytes have great potential for application in the ecological restoration of soil heavy metal pollution in the non-ferrous metal mining areas of northwest Guangxi.